and antibodies were purchased from commercial sources: Antibodies
against β-actin HRP (sc-4777), CTSL (sc-32320), GAPDH (sc-47724
HRP), normal mouse IgG (sc-2025), normal rabbit IgG (sc-2027) along
with Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose beads (sc-2003) were purchased from
Santa Cruz. Antibodies against LC3 (Cat. #12741) and Streptavidin-HRP
(Cat. #3999) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies
against PSAP (A1819) and NPC2 (A5413) were purchased from Abclonal.
Protease inhibitor cocktail was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat.
P8340). Streptavidin beads, ECL Western blotting detection reagent,
and Pierce Universal nuclease were purchased from ThermoScientific.
ClarityMax Western blotting detection reagent was purchased from BioRad
(Cat. 1705062). Polyethylenimine (PEI) was purchased from Polysciences
(Cat. 4765). Inhibitors used were all purchased as follows: Bafilomycin
from CST (Cat. 54645), chloroquine diphosphate from TCI (C2301), ammonium
chloride from Fisher Scientific (A661), E64d from SeleckChem (S7393),
and Pepstatin A from Sigma (P5318). BCA assay was used for protein
concentrations. Expression plasmids for organelle markers were all
purchased from Addgene: mCherry-Sec61 (#49155), dsRed-Rab5 (#13050),
mCherry-Rab11 (#55124), dsRed-Rab7 (#12661), and Lamp1-RFP (#1817).40 (link)−43 (link)