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6 protocols using hpa001520

1

Immunohistochemistry for Tumor Markers

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IHC for Ki-67 (Invitrogen—MA5-14520, 1:200), cleaved caspase 3 (Cell Signaling), and ATP5B (Sigma-Aldrich—HPA001520, 1:500) was performed on 4-μm FFPE sections produced from the xenograft tumours using commercial equipment and a DAB detection kit. Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted using DPX mountant (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Slides were scanned with an Aperio AT2 digital slide scanner (Leica Biosystem, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom) with a 20x lens and analyzed with imaging software (Aperio Image Scope version 11.2; Leica Biosystems, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, USA). Automated digital image analysis was performed using the Visiopharm Integrator System (Visiopharm, Hoersholm, Denmark). H-Score and percentage of positive cells were used as the image analysis output for cleaved caspase-3 and ATP5B expression. Percentage of positive cells was used as the image analysis output for Ki-67 expression. H-Score was calculated using the following formula: [1 × (% of weakly positive cells) + 2 × (% of moderately strong positive cells) + 3 × (% strong positive cells)].
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2

Isolation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Complexes

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Mitochondria were isolated using Dounce or Balch homogenizers, followed by standard differential centrifugation13 (link),50 (link),70 (link). Experimental procedure and antibodies for NBGE were used as described previously57 (link),71 (link). In brief, digitonin-solubilised mitochondria were separated on NativePAGE Novex Bis-Tris 3–12% gradient gels. After electrophoresis, the gels were incubated in transfer buffer containing 0.1% SDS for 10 min and proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes probed with specific antibodies (all diluted 1:500, except for VDAC1 and HSP60 diluted 1:1000) against complex I (NDUFA9, ab14713, Abcam; or NDUFB8, ab110242, Abcam), CII (SDHA, 14715, Abcam), CIII (Core2, ab14745, Abcam), CIV (COXVa, ab110262, Abcam) and CV (ATP5A, ab14748, Abcam; or ATP5B, HPA001520, Sigma Aldrich), and VDAC1 (ab15895, Abcam) or HSP60 (12165S, Cell Signaling) as the loading control.
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3

Mitochondrial OXPHOS Complex Analysis

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NBGE was accomplished basically as published (Wittig et al., 2006 (link)). In brief, mitochondria were isolated using a Balch-style homogenizer as detailed elsewhere (Schmitt et al., 2013 (link); Blecha et al., 2017 (link)). Digitonin-solubilised mitochondria were separated on NativePAGE Novex Bis-Tris 3%-12% gradient gels. After electrophoresis, the gels were incubated in transfer buffer containing 0.1% SDS for 10 min and proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes probed with specific antibodies against complex I (NDUFA9, ab14713, Abcam; or NDUFB8, ab110242, Abcam), CII (SDHA, 14715, Abcam), CIII (Core2, ab14745, Abcam), CIV (COXVa, ab110262, Abcam) and CV (ATP5A, ab14748, Abcam; or ATP5B, HPA001520, Sigma Aldrich), and VDAC1 (ab15895, Abcam) or HSP60 (12165S, Cell Signaling) as the loading control.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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Western blots were performed as described previously30 (link). Briefly, cell pellets were resuspended in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors, incubated on ice for 30 min, sonicated and then centrifuged at 15,000×g, at 4 °C for 15 min. Protein concentrations were measured with the PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher, Dreieich, Germany). SDS Gels were transferred upon completion to nitrocellulose membranes, which were then blocked with 5% dry milk in TBST. The primary antibodies used targeted ATP5B (HPA001520, Sigma Aldrich), FLAG (F4042, Sigma-Aldrich), anti-p53 (DO-1, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich), β-galactosidase (LacZ, Promega) or tubulin (ab6160, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and incubated for 2 h at RT or overnight at 4 °C. Following washing, membranes were incubated with corresponding secondary antibodies, after which the membranes were developed using BM Chemiluminescence blotting substrate (Sigma-Aldrich). Western Blots were either visualized using an ECL-hyperfeature film (Amersham, Freiburg, Germany) or by employing the GelDoc system from BioRad (Feldkirchen, Germany).
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5

Primary Antibody Characterization Protocol

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The following primary antibodies were purchased from the manufacturers: ATP5A1 (Sigma-Aldrich, SAB4502040), ATP5B (Sigma, HPA001520), GAPDH (Sigma-Aldrich, G8795), b-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, T5201), HaloTag® (Promega, Madison, WI, USA, G921A), and V5 (Nacalai Tesque, V5005).
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6

FLAG-Fusion Protein Affinity Purification

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10 µl of α-FLAG M2 affinity resin (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufenkirchen, Germany, A229) were equilibrated with 0.1 M LSDB buffer (1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF) for each sample and centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 2 min at 4 °C. The beads were resuspended in 85 µl 0.1 M LSDB and transferred into a new tube. Then, 300–500 µg of whole protein lysate containing FLAG-fusion proteins were added to the beads, and the mixture was filled up to 1 ml with 0.1 M LSDB, before incubating them on a rotator for 3 h at 4 °C. This step was followed by centrifuging at 7000×g for 5 min at 4 °C. Afterwards, supernatants were discarded and samples were washed five times in 1 ml 0.1 M LSDB, before reconstituting them in 30 µl of 0.1 M LSDB. Then, 10 µl of 4 × SDS loading puffer were added and samples were incubated for 5 min at 95 °C. After centrifuging the samples at 7000×g for 5 min the supernatants were separated by means of SDS–PAGE and subsequent Western Blots, probing for ATP5B (Sigma Aldrich, HPA001520) or FLAG (Sigma-Aldrich, F4042).
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