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28 protocols using lc 2010

1

Quantification of Linezolid and Dexamethasone

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Linezolid concentrations were measured using an HPLC method with ultraviolet (UV) detection, according to a previously reported method [11 (link)]. Dexamethasone concentrations were measured using an HPLC method with UV detection. The HPLC system (Shimadzu Corporation) consisted of a LC-2010 pump, LC-2010 autosampler, LC-2010 UV detector, and LC-2010 column oven. Data were collected and analyzed using LC solution. Separation was performed on an ODS Hypersil column (Cadenza 5CD-C18, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Imtakt Co.). A solution of 1% phosphoric acid was used for the mobile phase, and pH was adjusted to 5 by the addition of 10 M sodium hydroxide. The pump flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 40°C. The wavelength of optimum UV detection was set at 254 nm. Calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 1 to 100 mg/L. Intra/inter-day CV was less than 5.0%, and LLOQ was 1 mg/L for dexamethasone concentrations.
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2

Vitamins B5 and B6 HPLC Quantification

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Following the China National Standard GB5009.210-2016, vitamin B5 content was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an ultraviolet spectrophotometric detector (Shimadzu, LC-2010, Japan). The HPLC conditions were as follows: chromatographic column, C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.02 mol/L): acetonitrile (95:5); flow rate, 1 mL/min; column temperature, 30°C; detection wavelength, 210 nm; injection volume, 20 μL. The vitamin B5 standard solutions were 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL (y = 106295x – 13160, r2 = 0.998).
Following the China National Standard GB5009.154-2016, vitamin B6 content was also estimated by HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector (Shimadzu, LC-2010, Japan) under the following conditions: chromatographic column: C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: methanol 50 mL, sodium octane sulfonate 2 g, and triethylamine 2.5 mL were dissolved in 1,000 mL ultrapure water of pH 3.0 ± 0.1 adjusted with glacial acetic acid; detection wavelength: excitation 293 nm, emission 395 nm; injection volume: 20 μL. The vitamin B6 standard solutions were 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.0 μg/mL (y = 6000000x – 154981, r2 = 0.995).
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3

Analytical and Preparative RP-HPLC for Peptides

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Analytical RP-HPLC was performed on an LC-2010 instrument (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) using a Luna C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3 µm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), eluted with linear gradients of solvent B (0.036% TFA in MeCN) into solvent A (0.045% TFA in H2O) over 15 min at a 1 mL/min flow rate, with UV detection at 220 nm.
Preparative peptide purification was performed by RP-HPLC on Shimadzu LC-20AP equipment, using an Aeris Peptide XB-C18 column (250 × 21.2 mm, 5 µm; Phenomenex), eluted with a linear gradient of solvent B (0.1% TFA in MeCN) into A (0.1% TFA in H2O) over 30 min at a 20 mL/min flow rate, with UV detection at 220 nm.
LC-MS was performed on a 2010EV instrument (Shimadzu) fitted with an Aeris Widepore XB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.6 µm, Phenomenex), eluting with linear gradients of solvent B [0.08% formic acid (FA) in ACN] into A (0.1% FA in H2O) over 15 min at a 1 mL/min flow rate. Fractions of >95% HPLC homogeneity and the expected mass (4260.5 Da and 2801.6 Da for PaD and Ct_PaD precursors, respectively) were pooled and lyophilized.
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4

Analysis of IgG1 Charge Variants

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Analysis of acidic and basic charge variants of IgG1 samples was performed using a cation-exchange chromatography using a HPLC system (make: Shimadzu, Japan; model: LC-2010CHT), in a gradient mode. The IgG1 samples were diluted to 1 mg/mL in mobile phase A containing 20 mM of MES (make: Merck KGaA, Germany, P/N:1.37074) buffer pH 6.8 and a column load of 50 μg was injected on ProPac™ WCX-10 analytical cation-exchange column (4 mm × 250  mm) (make: ThermoScientific, USA; P/N: 054993) at a column temperature of 40 °C. The IgG1 charge variants were eluted using 35% mobile phase B containing 20 mM of MES buffer pH 6.8 and 200 mM sodium chloride at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.
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5

Quantification of Leaf and Root Metabolites

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A 0.1 g sample of fresh leaf and root tissues was weighed and placed in a 2 mL centrifuge tube, and 1 mL acidic methanol (hydrochloric acid:methanol = 1:9, v/v) was added. After mixing well, all samples were centrifuged at 3,500 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-2010, Shimadzu, Japan).
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6

Enzymatic Evaluation of Herbal Compounds

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All the solvents, chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade and purchased locally. Phenacetin, paracetamol and diclofenac were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (NADPH) was purchased from SRL Labs Pvt. Ltd. HPLC grade acetonitrile was purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific India Pvt. Ltd. AA and AG were purchased from Natural Remedies, Bangalore, India. HLM was purchased from Invitrogen Services. HPLC system consisted of a Shimadzu LC 2010, with an autosampler, PDA detector using LC Solutions® software.
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7

Comprehensive Characterization of Macromolecules

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The total carbohydrates, uronic acids, and proteins were quantified using phenol-sulfuric acid [10 (link)], m-hydroxydiphenyl [11 (link)] and Bio-Rad protein methods, respectively. Glucose (Glc), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as standards, respectively. The molecular weight of the sample was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC-2010, Kyoto, Japan) using an OH-park column equilibrated with 0.7% sodium sulfate, and the calibration curves were obtained using dextran as a standard. The molecular weight was calculated by GPC software (the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products of China, Beijing). The sugar components were analyzed by converting the sugars into 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatives [12 (link)] which were detected by HPLC. HPLC was carried out at a Shimadzu 2010 instrument equipped (Tokyo, Japan) with a C18 column. The amino acids were analyzed using an S-433D (Sykam, Eresing, Germany) automatic amino acid analyzer. The FT-IR spectra were acquired using Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR (Bruker, Germany). The samples were pressed into KBr pellets and the spectra were recorded in transmittance mode over the frequency range of 4000–400 cm−1.
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8

DIC-loaded CS-CPBA Micelle Characterization

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The amount of DIC entrapped in CS–CPBA micelles was measured by UV absorbance at 280 nm using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-2010, Shimadzu, Japan). The mobile phase was a 57/43 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile/water with a flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The following formula was used to calculate the drug-loading (DL%, formula (1)) and entrapment efficiency (EE%, formula (2)), and the values were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3).
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9

HPLC-UV Analysis of Aldehydes

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All liquid samples (DNPH cartridge solvent extraction samples and working standards) containing three aldehydes were analyzed with an HPLC-UV system (LC-2010, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with an auto sampler (SIL-20A), pump (LC-20AD), oven (CTO-20A), and UV detector (SPD-20A). A fixed sample volume of 20 μL was injected into the HPLC system through the auto sampler. The analytes were separated on a Shim-Pack GIS-ODS column (length: 25 mm, diameter: 4.6 mm, particle size: 5 μL) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–distilled water (6:4 (v/v)) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min–1 at 30 °C (maintained by the oven). The total run time was 11 min. The separated aldehydes were detected by the UV detector at a wavelength of 360 nm (Table S2).
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10

Molecular Weight Analysis of AFs

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The molecular weight distribution of AFs was detected with the LC system referring to the method of Lambrecht et al. (LC-2010, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) [23 (link)]. The 1.0 mg protein sample was dissolved in 1 mL 0.050 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing 2.0% (w/v) SDS and shaken (60 min, room temperature). After centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 10 min) and filtration (0.45 μm, PES, microporous, Tianjin Jinteng, Tianjin, China), the protein sample solution (20 μL) was loaded onto a BioSep SECS4000 column (5 μm, 300 mm × 7.8 mm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) at a rate of 1 mL/min for analysis. The elution solvent (acetonitrile/water (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid) was used at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and the UV detector intensity was 214 nm [43 (link)].
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