Dieldrin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland) while fipronil, lotilaner and the AHC-2229544 (R-enantiomer) were provided by Elanco Animal Health Inc. Switzerland. The chiral purity of lotilaner and AHC-2229544 was 99.9 and 99.65%, respectively. The modulatory compounds were prepared as 10 mM stock solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were dissolved in oocyte Ringer’s OR2 medium (see below), resulting in a maximal final DMSO concentration of 0.1%. GABA was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and prepared as stock solution at 100 mM in ddH2O.
Dieldrin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India
Dieldrin is a laboratory compound used as a standard in analytical testing procedures. It is a crystalline solid with a specific chemical structure that can be employed as a reference material in various analytical techniques. The core function of Dieldrin is to serve as a calibration and verification tool for the accurate measurement and identification of similar compounds in samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Endrin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Aldrin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Lindane, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methoxychlor, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trans chlordane, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chlorpyrifos, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Endosulfan, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Primary secondary amine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cypermethrin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Heptachlor, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cis chlordane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carbofuran, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Anhydrous magnesium sulphate mgso4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 4 ddt, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diazinon, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Malathion, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fipronil, by Enzo Life Sciences (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
14 protocols using dieldrin
1
Chiral Purity Characterization of Modulatory Compounds
2
Quantification of Organochlorine Pesticides
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Nineteen certified individual pesticide standards (purity, 96.8–99.55), including α-benzenehexachloride, β-benzenehexachloride, γ-benzenehexachloride, δ-benzenehexachloride, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlorepoxide, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, p,p dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, dieldrin, endrin, β-endosulfan, p,p dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulphate, p,p dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, endrin ketone and methoxychlor were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Bangalore, India) and were stored at −4 °C. Individual stock standard solutions (1 mg/L) of OCPs were prepared by dissolving an accurate weight of each pesticide in acetonitrile. Analytical grade methanol, hexane, acetone and acetonitrile were supplied by Merck (Mumbai, India). Water was deionized (Riviera, SCHOTT DURAN, Mainz, Germany) and filtered using 0.45-µm Nylon 6,6 membranes (Rankem, New Delhi, India) filtration assembly (Perfit, India). Working standard solutions were prepared daily by serial dilution of the individual stock solution with acetonitrile. An intermediate stock standard mixture was prepared by mixing the appropriate volumes of individual stock solutions and diluted with highly purified water to a required concentration.
3
Chemical Reagents Purification Protocol
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All chemicals and reagents were used in the entire experiment without further purification. Silver nitrate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzene (TMB), DMSO, sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan, Fenson, Carbofuran, Aldrin, Dieldrin and Benfuracarb were bought from Sigma-Aldrich India and were used without further purification. Milli-Q water was prepared by an integral water purification system (EMD Millipore).
4
Analytical Standards for Pesticide Residue Analysis
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Analytical standards of heptachlor, aldrin, endosulfan, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT, methoxychlor, lindane and cypermethrin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, PESTINAL brand, (Saint Louis, MO, USA), through the supplier JM Instrument and Chemical Supply, Sdn. Bhd (Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia). The purity of each of those pesticide standards was more than 98.0%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade n-hexane (98% purity) from Thermo Fisher (Bremen, Germany), analytical-grade acetonitrile (MeCN) with 99.8% purity, methanol (98% purity), sodium chloride (NaCl) of 98% purity and anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) with 98% purity and primary secondary amine (PSA) with a purity of 99% were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) through the supplier AS Scientific Supplies Sdn. Bhd (Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia).
5
Preparation of Retinoid and Pesticide Stocks
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6
Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals Sourcing
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17β-Estradiol (E2, 99% purity), estrone (99%), aldrin (98.6%), dieldrin (99.8%), endosulfan α (I, 99.5%), endosulfan β (II, 99.2%), methoxychlor (99.5%), o,p'-DDT (97.5%), o,p'-DDD (99%), p,p'-DDT (99.1%), p,p'-DDE (99.5%), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH, 98.1%), n-butylparaben, n-propylparaben, and bisphenol A (>99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (Dorset, UK). 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor (4-MBC, Eusolex 6300, >99.7%) and octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC, Eusolex 2292, >98%) were from VWR international (Poole, UK). 3-Benzylidene camphor (3-BC, Unisol-22, >97%) was from Induchem (Volketswil, Switzerland). Genistein was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK), and 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (AHTN, tonalide) and hexahydrohexamethylcyclopentabenzopyran (HHCB, Galoxolide) from LGC Promochem (Teddington, UK). All chemicals were used as supplied and stock solutions (1 – 10 mM) were prepared in HPLC-grade ethanol (VWR international). Stock solutions and subsequent dilutions were stored at −20°C. All remaining chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, unless stated otherwise.
7
Pesticide Residue Analysis Protocol
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Pesticide reference standards including malathion, diazinon, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, omethoate, dimethoate, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, tetramethrin, cyfluthrin, fenvlarate, lamdacyhalothrin , lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, mixture endosulfan, dieldrin, endrin, o,P-DDT, carbaryl, carbofuran, bendiocarb, atrazine, imidacloprid, thiomethoxam and pendimethalin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich GmbH (Augsburg, Germany), Supelco and Bayer Crop Science , with certified purity ranging from 95% to 99%. Acetonitrile, acetone, sodium chloride, toluene, acetic acid and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). QuEChERS Finisterre micro centrifuge tube containing two or more of primary secondary amine (PSA), anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and graphed carbon black (GCB) with details of TR-Q2035 (150mg MgSO4, 25mg PSA, 2.5mg GCB) and TR-Q2015 (150mg MgSO4, 25mg PSA) were obtained from Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain). Piperonyl Butoxide (PPB) with certified purity 95% used as internal standard was obtained from Sigma Aldrich GmbH.
All the organic solvents used were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
All the organic solvents used were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
8
Pesticide Standards for Analytical Methods
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Diazinon, methyl-parathion, fenitrotion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, triadimephon, penconazole, imazalil, myclobutanil, ethion, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, bromopropylate, lindane, endosulfan, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide A, trans-chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, p,p′-DDT, and p,p′-DDD standards of high purity (>98%) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Seelze, Germany). The stock solutions (1 g l -1 ) were prepared by dissolving the standards in methanol HPLC grade (99.9%) from Sintorgan (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and stored under freezing condition (-18 °C) in dark bottles sealed with PTFE/silicone caps. The working standard solutions (50 mg l -1 ) were prepared in hexane HPLC grade (99.9%) purchased by Sintorgan (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Deionized water obtained from an E-pure water purification system (Barnstead/Thermolyne, Bedford, MA, USA) was used for physical-chemical analysis.
9
Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis Protocol
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Reference standards of 19 organochlorine pesicide Mix (alpha BHC, delta BHC, beta BHC, gama BHC, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, gama chlordane, alpha chlordane, alpha endosulfan, 4,4 DDE, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4 DDD, beta endosulfan, 4,4 DDT, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulphate, methoxychlor, and endrin ketone) and 2 synthetic pyrethroid pesticide (cypermethrin, fenvalerate) were obtained from SIGMA-Aldrich, Germany through SF Scientific, Dhaka. Analytical grade acetonitrile (MeCN), methanol, sodium chloride (NaCl), anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) and Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) were obtained from SIGMA-Aldrich, Germany through SF Scientific, Dhaka.
10
Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides
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The analytical standards of organochlorine pesticides hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), lindane, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, heptachlor, and mirex were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA), with a degree of purity of 99.9% (w/w). Stock standard solutions of each pesticide were prepared at the concentration of 500 mg L ¡1 in acetonitrile. From these solutions, an intermediate solution was prepared at 25 mg L ¡1 containing all compounds in the same solvent. Subsequently, this solution was diluted in acetonitrile to 4 mg L ¡1 to prepare the working solution. Ethyl acetate and acetonitrile high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade were purchased from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Merck (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), respectively. Sodium chloride purity of 99% (w/w) was also obtained from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and anhydrous sodium sulphate from Dynamic (Diadema, Brazil). For the cleanup of the extracts the following sorbents were used: alumina (Micro Abrasives, Westfield, USA), florisil (Mallinckrodt Chemicals, St. Louis, USA), activated charcoal (Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), octadecil C18 (Fluka, Milwaukee, USA), primary secondary amine (PSA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), and silica gel 230-400 mesh (Carvalhaes, Germany).
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