Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate

The berberine chloride hydrate (catalog number: B0450), ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (catalog number: C2227), and tobramycin (catalog number: T2503) were purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Oxacillin sodium salt (catalog number: sc-224180B) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, catalog number: B34950) was purchased from Invitrogen (ThermoFisher Scientific Korea Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea). Ethidium bromide (catalog number: L07482) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (ThermoFisher Scientific Korea Ltd.). The berberine chloride hydrate was dissolved in DMSO (catalog number: 000D0458, Samchun Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate, EtBr, Oxacillin sodium salt, and tobramycin were dissolved in distilled water.

Chitosan (Cat No. 448869, viscosity: 20–300 cP) with deacetylation degree (DDA) value ~75 to 85% molecular weight: 50 to 190 kDa was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride (PAH) (formula weight: 120,000~200,000 g·mol⁻¹ was obtained from Beantown Chemical, Hudson, NH, USA. Acetic acid (>99.9%) was also purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate was collected from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (TCI, Portland, OR, USA). All of the other chemicals were used as received and without any further purification.