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7 protocols using ab227074

1

Western Blot Analysis of PPAR and IKZF Proteins

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The MM cells were harvested, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and resuspended in a lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The cells were lysed via brief sonication and then spun down to remove the cell debris. The total protein in the cell lysates was quantified using a Dc protein estimation kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard. The cell lysates were loaded and run on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proteins were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked with 5% BSA in tris-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 (TBST) and incubated with primary antibodies against PPARα (ab227074; Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), PPARβ/δ (A5656; Abclonal, Woburn, MA, USA), PPARγ (16643-1-AP; Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), IKZF1 (NBP1-98314; Novus Biologicals), and IKZF3 (NBP2-46048; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) in TBST containing 5% BSA overnight at 4 °C with gentle rocking. The membrane was then probed with an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and developed using a Pierce ECL substrate.
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2

Protein Expression Analysis in MM Cells

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MM cells were harvested, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and resuspended in a lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Cells were lysed via brief sonication. The lysates were centrifuged at high speed for 15 min to remove the cell debris. Total protein was quantified using a Dc protein estimation kit (Bio-Rad) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard. Approximately 20 μg of protein was loaded and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proteins were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked with 5% BSA in tris-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 (TBST) and primary antibodies against PPARα (ab227074; Abcam), PPARβ/δ (A5656; ABclonal), PPARγ (16643-1-AP; Thermo Fisher), IKZF1 (NBP1-98314; Novus Biologicals), and IKZF3 (NBP2-46048; Novus Biologicals) were incubated with 5% BSA in TBST overnight at 4 °C with gentle rocking. The membrane was then probed with an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and developed using a Pierce ECL substrate.
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3

ChIP Assay Protocol for Transcription Factors

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ChIP assays were performed according to the manufacturer’s protocol (#91820; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Briefly, the cells were collected and cross-linked with 1% formaldehyde. After centrifugation, the resulting pellets were sonicated and the chromatin solution was precleared with 30 μL of CHiP-Grade protein G magnetic beads (#9006; Cell Signaling Technology). The soluble fraction was collected, and the chromatin beads were incubated with positive control histone H3 rabbit (#4620; Cell Signaling), normal rabbit IgG (#2729; Cell Signaling), anti-PPARα (ab227074; Abcam), anti-PPARγ (16643-1-AP; Proteintech Rosemont, IL), anti-FLAG M2 (F1804; Sigma; for PPARβ/δ with a FLAG tag) antibodies at 4 °C overnight. ChIP-enriched DNA was analyzed by quantitative PCR using the CRBN promoter primers as follows: forward: 5′-TCCCCTGTCACCTTCAAAAC-3′ and reverse: 5′-TGCCTTGTGAGTCTGACACC-3′. The enrichment of specific genomic regions was assessed relative to the input DNA, followed by normalization to the respective control IgG values. Percent input = 4% × 2(C[T] 4% input sample-C[T] IP sample).
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4

Protein Expression Analysis in Placental Tissues

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Sixteen placental tissues (control groups, n = 8; ICP groups, n = 8) were lysed with RIPA lysis buffer (ASPEN) in the presence of protease inhibitor, and then, the quantification of the isolated protein was quantified and evaluated utilizing using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). The proteins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Non-specific binding was blocked with 5% skimmed milk for 1 h at room temperature. Next, the membranes were incubated with anti-APOA2 (1:1000, Abcam, ab92478); anti-PPARα (1:1000, Abcam, ab227074) as the primary antibody at 4°C overnight, respectively, followed by a secondary antibody (1:5000, Affinity, Shanghai, China) at room temperature for 30 min. Beta-actin (1:2000, Abcam, ab8227) was used as an internal control. The antigens and antibodies were detected using high-signal ECL substrates, and the gray values of protein bands were analyzed and quantified using Image J.
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5

Protein Profiling via RIPA Lysis and Western Blot

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Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) solution encompassing protease inhibitors (Solarbio) was used to lysate total cell proteins. The proteins were then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) after being separated on an SDS–polyacrylamide gel. At room temperature, the membranes were blocked with 5% fat-free dry milk before being cultivated with primary antibodies with diluted 2000 times. The membranes were then treated with the secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. ECL-enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (Amersham, Little Chalfont, UK) were used to visualize protein bands. Primary antibodies used in this investigation included anti-PDK4 (ab110336; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-MMP-3 (ab52915; Abcam), anti-MMP-13 (ab39012; Abcam), anti-ADAMTS-4 (ab314856; Abcam), anti-PPARA (ab227074; Abcam), anti-PPARD (ab178866; Abcam), anti-ACSL1 (ab177958; Abcam), and anti-GAPDH (ab52915; Abcam).
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6

Isolation and Staining of Cardiomyocytes

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Harvested hearts were placed in a Langendorff setup and perfused with a Type II Collagenase and Protease digestion buffer and stepped up with Calcium to 1 mM. Viable CMs were sorted using LP-FACS12 (link). The Union Biometrica COPAS Flow Platform was used to select CMs based on extinction, time of flight, and red fluorescence. For staining, hearts were flash frozen into O.C.T Compound blocks (Fisher Healthcare 23-730-571) and stored at −80 C. Samples were sliced into 10 um sections using a cryo-microtome and placed on glass slides. Primary antibodies against 1:500 dilution α-actinin (Abcam ab227074) were used along with 1:1000 dilution DAPI and 1:200 dilution Wheat Germ Agglutinin counterstains. A Leica SP8 confocal microscope running Leica Application Suite X was used to image slides with a ×63 oil immersion objective.
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7

Protein Expression Analysis in Membranes

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Detailed descriptions are given as previously described [25] . Briefly, the membranes were blotted with antibodies against PPARα (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, #ab227074), GAPDH (Abcam, #ab181602), and FABP4 (Abcam, #ab 92501).
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