Atractylodes standards,
β-eudesmol, and atractylenolide III were obtained from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). For NMR acquisition, CD
3OD-
d4 (99.8% D) and CDCl
3 (99.8% D) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The signals in the
1H NMR spectra of
Atractylodes extracts were assigned to individual metabolites on the basis of thorough analyses of the 2D NMR spectra and spiking experiments. The PCR-grade tubes, tips, and most biological reagents used for DNA authentication were acquired from Qiagen (Valencia, CA, USA) and/or Thermo-Fisher Scientific and Beckman Coulter (Indianapolis, IN, USA). LO3 agarose for gel electrophoresis was purchased from Takara (Kyoto, Japan).
Shirahata T., Ishikawa H., Kudo T., Takada Y., Hoshino A., Taga Y., Minakuchi Y., Hasegawa T., Horiguchi R., Hirayama T., Konishi T., Takemoto H., Sato N., Aragane M., Oikawa T., Odaguchi H., Hanawa T., Kodaira E., Fukuda T, & Kobayashi Y. (2021). Metabolic fingerprinting for discrimination of DNA-authenticated Atractylodes plants using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Natural Medicines, 75(3), 475-488.