Multiquant 2

UPLC-MS/MS data acquisition was performed using Analyst 1.5.2 and MultiQuant 2.1.1 software (Applied Biosystems). All data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. In the Caco-2 cell model, the rate of transport was obtained from the amount transported versus the time curve using linear regression. The permeability coefficient of each compound was calculated using the following equation: P_app = (dQ/dt)/(A·C₀).
where, dQ/dt is the rate of drug transport, C₀ is the initial concentration of the compound in the donor chamber and A represents the surface area of the cell monolayer. The efflux ratio P was determined by calculating the ratio of P_app in the secretory (BA) direction divided by that in the absorptive (AB) direction, according to the following equation:
$\mathrm{P}={\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{A}/{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}$

UPLC-MS/MS data acquisition was performed using Analyst 1.5.2 and MultiQuant 2.1.1 software (Applied Biosystems). The data were analyzed by SPSS Software. The apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) was calculated according to P_app = (dQ/dt)/(A·C₀)
where dQ/dt is the steady-state flux (nmol/s), A is the surface area of the insert (cm²); C₀ is the initial concentration. The efflux ratio (P) was determined by calculating the ratio of P_appBA versus P_appAB as in $\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{P}=\frac{{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{A}}{{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}}\end{array}$ Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) after confirmation of normal distributions.