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Anti gapdh

Manufactured by Transgene
Sourced in China, United States

Anti-GAPDH is a laboratory reagent used to detect the presence and quantify the levels of the GAPDH protein in biological samples. GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in the glycolysis pathway. Anti-GAPDH is a specific antibody that binds to GAPDH, allowing its identification and measurement in various assays.

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23 protocols using anti gapdh

1

SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analysis

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For SDS-PAGE, 20 µL of protein sample was mixed with 5 µL of 5×Loading buffer and boiled for 10 min before loading. After electrophoresis, the gel was retained using Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. For western blot, all the mycelia from each condition were harvested and ground to extract crude protein with equal volumes of buffer, then the 10 µL protein sample for GAPDH, and the 3 µL 10 times diluted protein solution for PyrG-flag were loaded on 12% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to PVDF membranes. Non-specific antigen binding was blocked with TBS-T (20mM Tris, 137mM NaCl and 0.1% Tween-20) with 5%(m/V) skimmed milk powder for 1 h. Then, membranes were washed 10 min with TBS (20mM Tris, 137mM NaCl and 20% methanol). Membranes were incubated with anti-flag-tag (TransGen Biotech, China) or anti-GAPDH (TransGen Biotech, China) primary antibodies for 2 h. Membranes were washed 3 10 min washes with TBS and anti-flag-tag/anti-GAPDH membranes were further incubated with anti-mouse antibody/anti-rabbit antibody for 2 h followed by 3 10 min washes in TBS. The band of proteins were visualized with boyoECL Plus kit (Solarbio, China) and imaged using the ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad).
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2

Western Blotting of Embryonic Proteins

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Embryos (n = 200 embryos per pool) were lysed in radioimmune precipitation assay buffer, and proteins were separated on 10–15% polyacrylamide gels at 150 V for 70–90 min. Subsequent PVDF membrane transfers were performed at 250 mA for 50 min at 4 °C. After the transfer procedure, membranes were incubated for 1 h in blocking buffer (Tris-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (TBS), with 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 and 5% (w/v) nonfat milk at room temperature) followed by incubation overnight with one of the following primary antibodies in blocking buffer on a rotating shaker at 4 °C: anti-H3K9me3 (1:300 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and anti-GAPDH (1:1000 dilution; TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China). The membranes were then washed and incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit-IgG secondary antibody at (1:500 dilution; Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) for 1 h at room temperature. Immunoreactive proteins were visualized by autography with the SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent substrate (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). The protein concentrations of BFF lysates were measured using the bicinchoninic acid method. The protein separation, blotting, and visualization procedures were performed as described above.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis of Cellular Markers

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Cells were lysed in PRO-PREP Protein Extraction Solution (iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) to prepare protein lysates according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cell lysates were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. Protein concentration was measured using Bradford Easy Protein Quantitative Kit (TransGene). Equal amounts of protein were separated in 10% polyacrylamide gels (Sigma-Aldrich) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 10% non-fat milk and incubated with anti-α-SMA (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-collagen I (Abcam), anti-E-cadherin (Abcam), anti-N-cadherin (Bioss, Beijing, China), albumin (Bioss), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) (Bioss), vimentin (Bioss), pan-cytokeratin (a wide spectrum cytokeratin antibody, Bioss), fibronectin (Bioss), β-catenin (Sigma) and anti-GAPDH (TransGene) antibodies at 4 °C overnight. After washing the membranes with Tris-buffered saline containing Tween 20 three times for 5 min each time, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies. Finally, immunoreactive proteins were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Stress Response Proteins

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Cells were lysed in RPRA buffer (Beyotime, China), and protein concentration was measured by BCA Kit (Pierce, USA). Protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and subsequently transferred onto PVDF membranes. Membrane was blocked in 5% de-fat milk and incubated with primary antibody at 4°C for a night and sequentially HRP-conjugated secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 h. ImageQuant LAS 4000 mini imaging system (GE, Fairfield, USA) and Western HRP Substrate (WBLUF0500, Millipore) were used in chemiluminescent detection. The antibody used in this study are as following: anti-GAPDH (M017, TransGen), anti-PERK (5683, CST), anti-IRE1α (3294, CST), anti-ATF6 (24169-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-BiP (3177, CST), anti-Bax (2774, CST), anti-Bcl-2 (4223, CST), goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP (sc-2005, Santa Cruz), and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (sc-2004, Santa Cruz).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of MAC-T Cells

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Protein lysates from the MAC-T cells were prepared with ice-cold PRO-PREP Protein Extraction Solution (iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Lysates were precipitated at 1200 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The total protein content was determined using the Bradford Easy Protein Quantitative Kit (TransGene). Equal amounts of protein extracts in lysis buffer were separated using 4%–12% polyacrylamide gels (German, Sigma-Aldrich) and then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Resolved proteins were blotted onto PVDF transfer membranes (Millipore Co., Bedford, MA) and then blocked with 10% nonfat milk in TBST. The membranes were incubated with anti-CYP1A1 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), anti-NF-κB (Bioss, Beijing, China), anti-phospho-NF-κB (Santa Cruz Biotechnology lnc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and anti-GAPDH (TransGene) antibodies at 4°C overnight. The membranes were washed three times with TBST for 5 min before incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies. Finally, the immunoreactive proteins were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (Beyotime).
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6

Co-immunoprecipitation and Subcellular Fractionation Protocol

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Cells were transfected with appropriate plasmids and lysed by co-immunoprecipitation lysis buffer (10% glycerol, 0.5% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Cell lysates were incubated with the S-protein Agarose beads (Millipore, 69704) or indicated primary antibody and protein A/G agarose beads (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-2003). The immunocomplexes were then washed by PBSN (PBS containing 0.1% NP-40) three times and subjected to SDS-Page. For subcellular fractionation, nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts were isolated with a nuclear-cytoplasmic extraction kit (Applygen, P1200) following the manufacturer’s protocol.
Antibodies used in this study were as follows: anti-VHL (Abcam, ab77262) for Western Blot, anti-VHL (Abclonal, A0377) for Immunohistochemistry, anti- EPAS-1/HIF-2 alpha (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-13596), anti-BICD2 (Abcam, ab237616), anti-GAPDH (TransGen Biotech, HC301-01), anti-β-Tubulin (ABclonal, AC021), anti-β-Actin (ABclonal, AC004), anti-HDAC1 (ABclonal, A19571), anti-FLAG (Sigma, F3165), anti-HA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-7392) and anti-GFP (MBL, 598).
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7

Melatonin and Luzindole in Flow Cytometry

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Melatonin and luzindole were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Melatonin was dissolved to a stocking concentration of 10 mg/mL sterile water. luzindole in a concentration of 1 mg/ml was dissolved in PBS including 5% DMSO. Annexin V & PI staining kit was purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). For flow cytometry analysis, isotype control antibodies (Abs), anti-Ly-6G Abs (1A8), and anti-F4/80 Abs (BM8) were obtained from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA).Anti-histone H3 Abs (ab5103) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-GAPDH was obtained from transgen (Beijing, China).
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8

Apoptosis and Autophagy Analysis

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DMEM (Gibco, C11965500BT), fetal bovine serum (Gibco, 16000044), EBSS (MACGENE, CC026), FITC Annexin V apoptosis detection kit I (BD Biosciences, 556547), cell counting kit (YEASEN, QF0026), lysis buffer (Beyotime, P0013), PVDF membranes (Millipore, ISEQ00010), albumin bovine V (Solarbio, A8020), lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, 11668027), Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System (Promega, E1910), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining kit (Promega, G3250). Bafilomycin A1 was purchased from Sigma. The following antibodies were used: anti-ULK1 (Sigma-Aldrich, A7481), anti-P62 (MBL, PM045), anti-P62 (Abcam, ab56416), anti-LC3B (Sigma, L7543), anti-c-Myc monoclonal antibody (Sigma, C3956), anti-β-actin (Sino Biological, 100162-RP02-100), anti-Gapdh (Transgen, HC301), anti-ULK1 (Sigma, A7481), anti-ATG5 (Sigma, A0731), anti-ATG7 (Sigma, A2856), anti-Beclin1 (CST, 3738), anti-Tom20 (BD Biosciences, 612278), DAPI (CST, 4083), HRP Affinipure goat anti-mouse IgG (Earthox, E030110), and HRP Affinipure goat anti-rabbit IgG (Earthox, E030120). The following fluorescent secondary antibodies were used: Alexa Fluor 555-labeled donkey anti-mouse IgG antibodies (Invitrogen, A31570) and Alexa Fluor 488-labeled donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Invitrogen, A21206).
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9

Regulation of GSK3β Signaling Pathway

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Antibodies used in this study include Anti-SGK196 (ab57908, Abcam, Cambridge, UK); Anti-GSK3β (A0480, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), Anti-p-GSK3β-S9 (AP0039, Abclonal); Anti-RPN1 (sc48367, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX); Anti-p-AKT-Ser473 (#4058, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), Anti-p-AKT-Thr308 (#13038, Cell Signaling Technology), Anti-AKT(pan) (#2920, Cell Signaling Technology), Anti-Snail (#3879, Cell Signaling Technology); Anti-HA (H6908, Sigma-ALDRICH, MO), Anti-Flag (F1804, Sigma-ALDRICH), Vimentin (sc-66001,Santa Cruz), α-dystroglycan (VIA4) (sc-53986, Santa Cruz) and Anti-GAPDH (HC301-01, TRANSGEN BIOTECH, Beijing, Shanghai). All antibodies for Western blotting were used at dilution 1:1000. For Immunofluorescence assays, Anti-HA (H6908, Sigma-ALDRICH) was used at dilution 1:100. Other reagents include DMEM medium (11965-084, Gibco), RPMI 1640 medium (11875-085, Gibco), Cell Counting Kit reagents (40203ES60, YEASEN), puromycin (P8230, Solarbio, Beijing, China), LY294002 (L9908, Sigma-ALDRICH), CHX (5087390001, Sigma-ALDRICH), Protease inhibitor Cocktail (EDTA-Free, 100x in DMSO, 20124ES03, YEASEN), Endo H (# P0702S, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA), and PNGase F (# P0705S, New England Biolabs).
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10

Protein Quantification and Western Blot

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For preparation of samples, protein extracted from testicular tissues was minced and lysed in RIPA buffer (Beyotime Biotech, Shanghai, China) on ice more than 20 mins. After sonication, the concentrations were measured with a BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime Biotech). Total protein was loaded onto 15% SDS-PAGE gels and then transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were processed according to the ECL Western blotting protocol (GE Healthcare, General Electric Company, Boston, USA). Quantification of the band intensities was performed with ImageJ (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). An area above each band, the same size as the corresponding band, was used for background subtraction. The following antibodies were used in Western blots: anti-Nanos2 (1:200; GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA) and anti-GAPDH (1:1000; TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China).
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