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3 protocols using fluorescein isothiocyanate fitc labeled albumin

1

Immune Cell Activation in Biomimetic Platform

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PCL (Mn =700,000–900,000), chloroform, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled albumin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 0.05% trypsin–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were purchased from Gibco (Rockville, MD, USA). Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-4, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, FITC–phalloidin, and antibodies against CD11, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II, calreticulin, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and reticular fiber were obtained from R&D Systems Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and CellTracker Red CMTPX were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Collagen Type I was supplied by Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Fluorescent membrane dyes, PKH26 and PKH67, were purchased from Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was purchased from Dow-Corning Korea, Inc. (Seoul, South Korea).
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2

Intravital Microscopy of Pial Microcirculation

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Thirty-two hours after CCI, a second 2.5-mm craniotomy was created in front of the first and covered with a 5-mm coverslip (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Animals were then transferred to an intravital microscope (ECLIPSE FN1; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY) and received a 50-μL IV bolus of .3% rhodamine 6G to fluorescently label circulating leukocytes. Footage of the pial microcirculation was recorded under a 590-nm epi-illumination emission filter using a digital camera (QuantEM; Photometrics, Tucson, AR) for subsequent analysis by a blinded observer (Fig. 2A). Nonbranching postcapillary venules (25 to 50-μm diameter) were selected for 1-minute recordings in each animal. Once this recording was completed, 100 mg/kg fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled albumin (Sigma Aldrich) was administered and the same pial regions were visualized under a 488-nm fluorescent filter for determination of albumin leakage immediately outside the selected venules.
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3

In Situ Rat Lung Fluid Clearance

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AFC was determined using an in situ rat-lung model, as described previously (37 (link)). Briefly, at the end of reperfusion, rat lungs were inflated with 100% oxygen at 7 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure. Then, instillate containing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled albumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was delivered to the lungs over 1 min at 12.5 mL/kg of body weight of. An alveolar fluid sample (100 μL) was collected 1 min after instillation and 15 min later. The samples were centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 10 min, and the fluorescence activity in the supernatant was measured in duplicate. AFC was computed from the increase in alveolar fluid albumin concentration using the following equation:
AFC=(Cf-Ci)/Cf×100,
where Ci and Cf represent the initial and final concentrations of FITC-albumin in the aspirate at 1 and 15 min, respectively, as assessed by the fluorescence activity measurements.
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