The DMT intervention was designed as a bariatric mimetic intervention and studied alongside Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in the ZDF and ZDSD studies. The impact of RYGB alone (ZDF) and RYGB in combination with medical treatment (ZDSD) has been reported on separately to the DMT intervention [14 (link), 15 (link)]. To control for the impact of surgery on renal endpoints, sham surgeries were performed in SHAM and DMT-treated rats. A week prior to surgery, glycaemic control was optimized with daily subcutaneous injection of insulin degludec (Tresiba®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark) to achieve a fasting plasma glucose <12 mmol/L. Animals were anaesthetised with isoflurane (5% induction dose; 2% maintenance dose) and administered a pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic, enrofloxacin 5mg/kg s.c. (Baytril, Bayer). A midline laparotomy was performed followed by closure. Buprenorphine (Animalcare Limited) analgaesia was provided at 0.01-0.05 mg/kg s.c. every 6 hours for the first 2 post-operative days and as required thereafter.
Insulin degludec
Manufactured by Novo Nordisk
Sourced in Denmark
Insulin degludec is a long-acting basal insulin analog developed by Novo Nordisk. It is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using insulin degludec
1
Bariatric Mimetic Intervention: DMT and RYGB
2
Peptide Hormones in Metabolic Research
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Organism species of all peptide hormones used in the present study were human: proinsulin (AmideBio), insulin (Wako), glucagon (Peptide Institute), GLP1 (1–36) amide and GLP1 (7-36) amide (KareBay Biochem), somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 (KareBay Biochem), desacyl ghrelin and ghrelin (Peptide Institute), and pancreatic polypeptide (KareBay Biochem). insulin detemir (Novo Nordisk), insulin glulisine (Sanofi), and insulin degludec (Novo Nordisk), which are used clinically, were used as representative insulin analogs.
3
Randomized Trial of IDegLira Versus Placebo
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Participants were randomized using a central interactive voice/web system in a 2:1 ratio to receive once‐daily, subcutaneous injections of either IDegLira (100 units/ml insulin degludec and 3.6 mg/ml liraglutide, 3 ml prefilled pen; Novo Nordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark) or placebo. The placebo solution was identical to the vehicle used for IDegLira. Novo Nordisk ensured continuous safety surveillance and monitoring of titration. An external independent event adjudication committee performed ongoing adjudication and assessment of selected events. An independent committee of thyroid experts monitored increased calcitonin levels. Treatment was masked for investigators and participants by use of the PDS290 pen‐injector to administer either IDegLira or placebo. Masking was maintained for the participants and all personnel involved in the trial (including titration, event adjudication and calcitonin monitoring) until the database was locked and released for statistical analyses.
4
Bariatric Mimetic Intervention: DMT and RYGB
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