Mineral oil (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as the main oil carrier. Sudan red dye (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to color the oil containing the cross-linking agent and visualize the interface between the two main carrier oil flows. Alginic acid sodium salt powder (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to prepare the alginate solutions. The aqueous phase was composed of deionized water unless otherwise stated. Puramatrix, a commercially available self-assembling peptide gel (Becton Dickinson, Franklyn Lakes, NJ, USA) solution, was prepared at the corresponding concentrations by sonication of the gel for 30 min at 30 °C. Acetic acid (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as the cross-linking agent. Nano-calcium carbonate powder was purchased from Skyspring Nanomaterials and used following the vendor protocol.
Alginic acid sodium salt powder
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Alginic acid sodium salt powder is a naturally derived, water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed. It is a versatile compound used in various laboratory applications due to its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mineral oil, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sudan red dye, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Puramatrix, by BD (1 mentions)
Indomethacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nimesulide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aspirin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Thrombin, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Fibrinogen, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Cacl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Type a porcine skin gelatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride dehydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methacrylic anhydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gelatin from cold water fish skin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Crystal violet, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
9 protocols using alginic acid sodium salt powder
1
Hydrogel-based Microfluidic Encapsulation
2
Biomaterial Synthesis with Bioactive Compounds
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We obtained calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), and alginic acid sodium salt powder from Sigma-Aldrich (Tokyo, Japan). Sucrose was purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Sinopharm, Beijing, China). Fibrinogen and thrombin were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All chemicals were used without further purification. Three types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, indomethacin, and nimesulide) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Tokyo, Japan).
3
Peptide-Based Hydrogel Gelation Protocol
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Two tetramer peptides CH-01 and CH-02 were used in this study. Peptides were synthesized by Bachem AG, (Budendorf, Switzerland) using solid phase peptide synthesis and purified to above 95% via HPLC. Lyophilized peptide powder was dissolved in Milli-Q water and vortexed to get a homogenous solution. Subsequently, 10× phosphate buffered saline at the final concentration of 1× was added to the peptide solution and vortexed briefly. Gelation occurred within a few seconds in CH-01 at 4 mg/mL and CH-02 at 3 mg/mL peptide concentration. Alginate-gelatin was used as a positive control.
Alginate-gelatin was prepared by mixing an equal amount (1:1) of each content; then serial dilution was made from the stock solution. Briefly, gelatin (porcine skin type A, Sigma) was dissolved at 30 mg/ mL in Milli-Q water under constant stirring at 40 °C, then autoclaved. After that, 30 mg/mL of Alginic acid sodium salt powder (Sigma) was dissolved in the gelatin solution. The resultant alginate-gelatin solution was then ionically crosslinked by calcium chloride (CaCl2, 150 mM, Sigma) for 5 min. Finally, calcium chloride was removed and corsslinked alginate-gelatin was washed with phosphate buffer saline.
Alginate-gelatin was prepared by mixing an equal amount (1:1) of each content; then serial dilution was made from the stock solution. Briefly, gelatin (porcine skin type A, Sigma) was dissolved at 30 mg/ mL in Milli-Q water under constant stirring at 40 °C, then autoclaved. After that, 30 mg/mL of Alginic acid sodium salt powder (Sigma) was dissolved in the gelatin solution. The resultant alginate-gelatin solution was then ionically crosslinked by calcium chloride (CaCl2, 150 mM, Sigma) for 5 min. Finally, calcium chloride was removed and corsslinked alginate-gelatin was washed with phosphate buffer saline.
4
Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Biomaterial
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Gelatin from cold-water fish skin, methacrylic anhydride (MA), alginic acid sodium salt powder and calcium chloride dehydrate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sr. Louis, MO, USA). The commercial needles were bought from Korean Good Manufacturing Practices Company (KGMP, Seoul, Korea). Coverslip and microscopy slides were purchased from Marienfeld-Superior (Lauda-König-shofen, Germany). Irgacure photoinitiator 2959 (2-Hydroxy-4’-2(hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone) was obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The ultraviolet (UV) light source (Omnicure S2000) was purchased from EXFO Photonic Solutions Inc. (Mississauga, ON, Canada).
5
Dye Adsorption on Agarwood Fruit
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Acetic acid (purity ≧ 99.83%), ethanol (purity ≧ 99.8%), ammonia hydroxide (purity ≧ 35%), and sodium hydroxide (purity ≧ 97%) were purchased from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, PA., USA). Sodium chloride (purity > 99.5%), Congo red (CR), and crystal violet (CV) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Alginic acid sodium salt powder, chitosan, reactive blue 4 (RB4), and neutral red (NR) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Natick, MA., USA). Hydrochloric acid (purity > 37%) was obtained from Scharlau (Senmanat, Spain). Calcium chloride (purity ≧ 89%) was purchased from Avantor (Allentown, PA., USA). All chemicals were analytical grade and used without further purification. Agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb) fruit was obtained from the local farmer in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
6
Isolation and Activation of Rat CD4+ T Cells
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Unless otherwise stated all cell culture materials and chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham, UK) or Thermo Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Alginic acid sodium salt powder was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham, UK). FK506 was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). MagCellect Rat CD4 + T cell isolation kits were sourced from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Cell activation cocktail was provided by Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA). A FK506 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was purchased from Abnova (Taipei City, Taiwan). Running buffer and calibration beads for flow cytometry were obtained from Miltenyi Biotec (Gladbach, Germany).
Collection and use of tissue from animals were conducted in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986) and the European Communities Council Directives (86/609/EEC) and approved by the UCL Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body.
Collection and use of tissue from animals were conducted in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986) and the European Communities Council Directives (86/609/EEC) and approved by the UCL Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body.
7
Alginate-Based Hydrogel Synthesis
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Mineral oil (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as the main oil carrier. Sudan red dye (Sigma Aldrich) was used to color the oil containing the cross-linking agent and visualize the interface between the two main carrier oil flows. Alginic acid sodium salt powder (Sigma Aldrich) was used to prepare the alginate solutions. The aqueous phase was composed of deionized water unless otherwise stated. Puramatrix 0, 3% (Becton Dickinson) solution was prepared at the corresponding concentrations by sonication of the gel for 30 min at 30 °C. Acetic acid (Sigma Aldrich) was used as the cross-linking agent. Nano-calcium carbonate powder was purchased from Skyspring Nanomaterials (Houston, TX, USA) and used following the vendor instructions (https://www.ssnano.com ).
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Probes
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Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC, MW = 389.38 Da, ≥90%), fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 70,000 (FITC-DXT 70, MW = 70 kDa), fluorescein sodium salt (FLUOR, MW = 332.31 Da) and rhodamine B (RhB, MW = 479.01 Da) were purchased from Merck (Deisenhofen, Germany). Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2, ≥98%) and orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4, ≥85%) were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Carlo Erba Reagents, Milan, Italy). ε-caprolactone (CL, ≥99%), alginic acid sodium salt powder, calcium chloride and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD, ≥95%) were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Deisenhofen, Germany). All reagents and solvents were used without further purification. The reactions were carried out in atmospheric air and synthesised products were stored at 4 °C in the dark until they were used.
9
Fabrication of Alginate-Based Colloidal Microparticles
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Alginic acid sodium salt powder (medium-viscosity: ≥2000 cP), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), and Rodhamine B (purity degree ≥ 95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, MO, USA). Low-viscosity pregelatinized modified starch (Instant Pure-Cote® B793-NF) was obtained from Paroxite (London, UK). Colloidal silver was purchased from Argenol (Zaragoza, Spain). Purified water was obtained by reverse osmosis and electrodeionization (Millipore®, Elix 3), followed by filtration (filter pore 0.22 µm) and sterilization.
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