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38 protocols using clearfil se bond

1

Adhesive Bonding of Composite to Dental Ceramics

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The composite material was applied to the specimens in Groups A2, B2, C2, D2, and E2. The groups were treated first with silane for 60 s. Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Clearfil SE BOND primer, mixed one to one according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan), were applied to the remaining specimens of Groups A, B, C, D, and E. After application of Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Clearfil SE BOND primer mixture, Clearfil SE BOND (Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan) was applied and polymerized for 40 s. A 2 mm thick composite (Kuraray Esthetic Majesty, Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan) was applied to each sample surface with reference to the 2 mm high silicone matrix that was formed. After the matrix was removed, each sample was polymerized for another 20 s on each surface.
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2

Evaluation of Self-Etching Adhesive Systems

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Three self-etching adhesive systems were evaluated: Clearfil™ SE Bond containing 5% QAMP, Clearfil™ Protect Bond (Kuraray Medical, Kurashiki, Japan) as positive control and Clearfil™ SE Bond (Kuraray Medical, Kurashiki, Japan) as negative control. Detailed composition and application mode of these commercial adhesive systems are described in Table 6.
The self-etching adhesive systems were applied onto the dentin in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. After light curing of each adhesive, three 1 mm-increments of composite resin Filtek™ Z350 XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were bonded to each dentin surface. Each increment was light cured with LED (LED Radii-cal, SDI, São Paulo, Brazil) for 30 s at 600 mW/cm2. All bond procedures were carried out by a single operator at room temperature and constant relative humidity.
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3

Dental Adhesive Protocols for Amalgam Restoration

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The amalgam specimens were divided into 12 main groups according to adhesive applications as mentioned belove:

Group 1 – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE)

Group 2 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE)

Group 3 – Futurabond U (Voco)

Group 4 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Futurabond U (Voco)

Group 5 – Clearfil Universal (Kuraray)

Group 6 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Clearfil Universal (Kuraray)

Group 7 – Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE)

Group 8 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE)

Group 9 – Clearfil Tri-S Bond (Kuraray)

Group 10 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Clearfil Tri-S Bond (Kuraray)

Group 11 – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray)

Group 12 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray).

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4

Borate Bioactive Glass Paste Application Protocol

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EXAMPLE 3

Borate Bioactive Glass Paste Application

50 wt % phosphoric acid was prepared by the dilution of 85 wt % phosphoric acid (Wako Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) in distilled water. One-tenth of a gram of the borate glass particles was mixed with 0.2 mL 50 wt % phosphoric acid to form a gel with a pH of 2. The acidic paste (i.e. borate bioactive glass paste) was immediately applied to the dentin surfaces of group III and IV specimens by microbrush (Microbrush International, Grafton, Wis., USA). A layer of bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray-Medical, Tokyo, Japan) was immediately applied over the borate glass-phosphoric-acid gel and then light-cured.

After storage in artificial saliva for 24 h, the thin layer of the bonding agent was gently removed by means of an excavator, and then rinsed with water spray for 30 s.

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5

Evaluating Resin Composite Usage

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On a practice level, the individual practitioner who placed the restoration was coded.
GDPs were completely free to use restorative materials at their discretion. From January 12, 2015, until January 2, 2017, the Clearfil Majesty ES-2 hybrid resin composite, Clearfil SE Bond, and Clearfil Protect Bond (all from Kuraray Noritake) were provided to the practitioners for free. Treatments were regularly carried out with the assistance of a dental nurse, and only a few practitioners used rubber dam isolation during restoration placement.
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6

Adhesive Bond Strength on Dentin Substrates

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Teeth from each dentin substrate (sound or eroded) were randomly reassigned into three subgroups (n = 10), according to the adhesive system used: Adper Single Bond 2 (SB; 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB; Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan), and Adper Easy One (EASY; 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, USA). Table 1 displays the main components and application mode of these adhesive systems.
After adhesive systems' application, according to manufacturers' instructions, polyethylene tubes (Micro-bore ® Tygon S-54-HL Medical Tubing, Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, Akron, USA) with an internal diameter of 0.76 mm and height of 1.0 mm were positioned over the dentin surfaces. Then, the adhesives were light cured using a halogen light-curing unit (Jetlite 4000 Plus, J. Morita USA; Irvine, USA) with 600 mW/cm 2 power density. The device's own radiometer quantified the output power. The tubes were filled with resin composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, Saint Paul, USA) and light cured. For each tooth, four specimens were built up. A trained operator conducted all bonding and restorative procedures at room temperature.
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7

Microshear Bond Strength of Resin Composite

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The bonded specimens were kept in water at 37°C for 24 h. The top surface of the CAD/CAM resin slab was treated with 37% phosphoric acid (K-etchant) for 5 s, rinsed with water and air-dried. A silane coupling agent (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, Kuraray Noritake Dental) was applied to the surface and gently air-dried. A bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Noritake Dental) was applied to the surface, gently air-dried, and light cured for 10 s. Then, a direct resin composite (Clearfil AP-X Shade A2, Kuraray Noritake Dental) was incrementally built up to a thickness approximately 2 mm high for the μTBS test. Each tooth was cross-sectioned longitudinally with a low-speed diamond saw (Isomet) to produce beam-shaped specimens with an approximate surface area of 1×1 mm 2 at the bonded interface. Before the μTBS test, the dimensions of each beam were determined with a digital caliper (Mitutoyo CD-15C). After this, each specimen was secured to a customized microtensile jig with a cyanoacrylate glue (Model Repair II Blue, Dentsply-Sankin, Tokyo, Japan) and placed in the testing apparatus (EZ-SX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) for the μTBS test at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed.
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8

Evaluating Tooth Enamel Adhesion under H2S

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Twenty bovine tooth root samples were sectioned, the pulp was removed, and the cervical portion was sealed with glass ionomer cement. Teeth were then placed in a mold and embedded in self-curing resin before exposing the enamel using #100 waterproof sandpaper and polishing from the cervical side to the crown side using #600 waterproof sandpaper. These teeth were used as samples.
Teeth were then divided evenly into 10 H2S experimental group samples and 10 control samples. Experimental group samples were immersed in distilled water and placed in individual Petri dishes with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosulfide from inside the sealed container, and the control group samples were immersed in distilled water and placed in individual Petri dishes with sterilized distilled water. The aqueous solution of saturated hydrosulfide was replaced, and distilled water was added every 2 days, and samples were stored for 1 week. After 1 week, the polished surface of the tooth samples was treated with self-etching bonding system (CLEARFIL SE BOND, Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan), packed with resin composite (Clearfil AP-X A3, Kuraray Noritake Dental), and immersed in water for 24 h before undergoing a shear test with a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min (Model 444, Instron, Darmstadt, Germany).
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9

Standardized Molar Cavity Preparation

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Forty standardised cavities were created in upper first molar (#26) typodont teeth (AG-3, Frasaco GmbH, Tettnang, Germany) using a rigid tool setup on a milling table (FB-H, Demanders Verktygsfabrik AB, Virserum, Sweden). A Kestag High-Speed steel end mill with a diameter of 5 mm was mounted (Ibarmia B-35, Azkoitia, Spain) and a cylindrical cavity was prepared to a depth of 3.5 mm with a rounded cavity floor. A pointed bud, fine grit, diamond bur (Viking, Foss & co, Norway) was used to roughen the internal walls prior to bonding with Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) according to the instruction for use.
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10

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength

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Four experimental and one gold-standard self-etch adhesives (Table 1) are used to compare bond strength results of the pushout and shear test. The synthesis and exact compositions of the four experimental adhesives, namely Exp. 1.1–2.2, are addressed elsewhere (submitted paper), as this paper focuses on the comparison of both tests, rather than the influence of the adhesives’ components.
Clearfil SE Bond (CSE; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Kurashiki, Japan) worked as the gold-standard reference and its primer was used for all groups. Primer and adhesive were applied with a microbrush for 20 s each, followed by gentle air drying. Any excess bonding agent was removed with a disposable paper fabric. Light curing was performed for 10 s with a light-curing unit (Bluephase® Style, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a light-emitting window of 10 mm diameter and an irradiance of 1544 ± 207 mW/cm2. A low shrinkage resin-based composite (RBC; Admira Fusion x-tra, AF, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany; LOT 2111693) was applied with gentle pressure through a ball-end plunger to ensure good alignment to dentin. Any excess material was removed, followed by light curing for 20 s.
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