Ferumoxytol

To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in vivo, 32 patients with CHD (average age: 21 years, range: 1–60 years, 21 males) and a clinical indication for CMR were included in this institutional review board-approved study. Following the protocol at our institution, examinations were performed without sedation for patients older than 5 years of age (N = 30) and using intravenous dexmedetomidine (N = 2) otherwise, during free breathing, on a 1.5T clinical MRI system (MAGNETOM Sola, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) after administration of 2–5 mg/kg of ferumoxytol (Takeda, Tokyo, Japan) [39] (link). A slab-selective spoiled gradient echo prototype free-running 3D radial sequence was used [20] (link), [26] (link) and resulted in uninterrupted acquisitions of 6-minute duration [21] (link). Main sequence parameters were radiofrequency excitation angle: 15°, resolution: 1.15 mm³, field-of-view (FOV): 220 mm³, echo time/repetition time: 1.53/2.84 ms, readout bandwidth: 1002 Hz/pixel. A standard multi-slice 2D CINE balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) in short-axis orientation was acquired for all patients and the sequence parameters were radiofrequency excitation angle: 63°, resolution: 1.4 × 1.4 mm², slice thickness: 5–8 mm, FOV: 168 × 208 mm², echo time/repetition time: 1.2/2.4 ms, reconstructed cardiac phases: 25.

Two cohorts of C57BL/6 mice underwent renal transplantation. Syngeneic renal transplants (n = 8) were performed between litter mates and allograft renal transplants from C57BL/6^BM12 donors into C57Bl/6 recipients (n = 10). Characterised by a single class II mHC mismatch, such kidneys develop chronic allograft damage over a progressive twelve-week period. The model is not transplant-dependent as the contralateral kidney is left in situ. The isograft transplanted kidney and the native nontransplanted kidney were available as controls for comparison with the allograft kidney. Mice were bred in-house in the Biomedical Research Resources, University of Edinburgh, or purchased from Charles River. All animal experiments were performed under a project licence and in accordance with legislation in the Home Office Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986. Baseline MRI scanning was performed 4 weeks after transplant followed immediately by an infusion of USPIO by tail vein injection (4 mg/kg ferumoxytol; Rienso, Takeda). Repeat MRI scanning was performed 48 hours after infusion.