The FT-IR spectra were acquired from 4000 to 400 cm−1 at a resolution of 4 cm−1, using a Bruker Vertex 70 FT-IR spectrometer, Germany. XRD analyses were performed on a Shimadzu machine (XRD-6000 series) with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.54 A), operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. XRD patterns were recorded in the range of 2θ = 4–90° (by steps of 0.02°). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to capture the images of the prepared microspheres on each stage. Images were captured using Zeiss evo 15 scanning electron microscope (Germany). Microspheres were placed on brass stubs using double-sided adhesive tape and coated with a thin layer of gold under reduced pressure. The images were captured at magnifications of 400 and 5000× using an electron beam high voltage of 20 kV.
The mean particle sizes and zeta potentials of the prepared biocarriers were determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a PSSNICOMP particle sizer 380ZLS (PSS-NICOMP, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The zeta potential measurements were performed by applying an electric field of strength 10 V cm−1 using three 30 s cycles. The results were outlined as a mean result of at least five readings on triplicate samples.
The mean particle sizes and zeta potentials of the prepared biocarriers were determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a PSSNICOMP particle sizer 380ZLS (PSS-NICOMP, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The zeta potential measurements were performed by applying an electric field of strength 10 V cm−1 using three 30 s cycles. The results were outlined as a mean result of at least five readings on triplicate samples.