2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium

FeCl₂·4H₂O, FeCl₃·6H₂O, glutaraldehyde, and NH₃·H₂O were obtained from Daejung Chemicals, Sheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Chitosan (CTNs, low molecular weight), guaiacol (GUA, assay ≥ 98%), 2,2-Azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS, Liquid Substrate System), laccase from Trametes Versicolor (powder), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8% DMF), thioglycolic acid (≥98%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (≥97.0% (titration) NHS), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (≥98% (titration), EDAC.HCl), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were obtained by the Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Halloysite nanotubes (nanopowder), ammonium hydroxide (ACS Grade Solvents, 25%, NH₄OH), chitosan (low molecular weight), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (≥98% (titration), EDAC.HCl), N-hydroxysuccinimide (≥97.0% (titration) NHS), thioglycolic acid (≥98%), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8% DMF), ampicillin (anhydrous), Direct Red 80 (powder), syringaldehyde (SA, assay- ≥ 98%), guaiacol (GUA, assay- ≥ 98%), p-Coumaric acid (CA, ≥98.0% high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HBT, ≥97.0% (T)), 2,2-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS, Liquid Substrate System), methanol (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), water (HPLC grade) and laccase from Trametes Versicolor (powder) were obtained from the Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. FeCl₃-6H₂O and FeCl₂·4H₂O were received from JUNSEI (Kyoto) Japan.