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Iodine 125

Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in Sweden, United States

Iodine-125 is a radioisotope used in various laboratory and medical applications. It has a half-life of approximately 60 days and emits low-energy gamma rays. Iodine-125 is commonly used in radioactive tracer studies, radioimmunoassays, and other analytical techniques.

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15 protocols using iodine 125

1

Radioiodination of Peptides

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Peptides (10–40 μg) were radioiodinated with iodine-125 (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) using chloramine T (20 μg) and the products purified by gel filtration using a Sephadex G-25 size-exclusion matrix (PD10; GE Healthcare) using a mobile phase of 0.1 % w/v gelatin in PBS. The radiochemical purity of all products was determined qualitatively by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyzed by phosphor imaging (Cyclone Storage Phosphor System, PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT).
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2

Recombinant Protein Expression in CHO Cells

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Polyoma large T antigen- expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHOP) cells were a gift from James W. Dennis (Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada); Bombesin receptor subtype-3 antagonist (Bantag-1) was gifts from Merck, Sharp and Dohme (West Point, PA); the mammalian expression vectors, pcDNA3, custom primers were from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA); QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit was from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA); cDNA of hBB3 receptor, mBB2 receptor and mBB1 receptor were obtained as described previously[40 (link)–42 (link)]; Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium (DMEM), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), G418 sulfate, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomycin and sodium pyruvate from Gibco Life Technology (Grand Island, NY); DpnI, Phusion® HF DNA Polymerase, dNTP, 100 % DMSO and 5X Phusion HF (GC) Buffer were from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA); formic acid, ammonium formate, disodium tetraborate, and alumina were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO); iodine- 125 (100 mCi/ml) was from Perkin Elmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA); Polyethylenimine lipofectamine (P.E.I) (lipofectamine) was from Polysciences, Inc. (Warrington, PA); Standard protected amino acids and other synthetic reagents were obtained from Bachem Bioscience Inc. (King of Prussia, PA); XL1-Blue Supercompetent Cells from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA).
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3

Quantitative Biodistribution of F8-IL2

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Quantitative biodistribution was used to assess the in vivo targeting performance of F8-IL2 (n = 4) as described previously (26 (link)). Purified F8-IL2 was radiolabeled with iodine 125 (Perkin Elmer) using the Iodogen method. Immunocompetent 129/Sv mice (n = 3) were injected with 12x 107 F9 teratocarcinoma cells subcutaneously into the right flank. Mice were monitored daily, and tumor volume was measured with a caliper. Tumor volume was calculated as follows: (length [mm] x width [mm] x width [mm])/2. When the tumors reach approx. 350 mm3, 0.86 μg of radio-iodinated F8-IL2 was injected intravenously into the lateral tail veins. After 24 hours, mice were sacrificed, tumor, liver, lung, spleen, heart, kidney, intestine and blood collected, weighed, and the radioactivity was counted using a Cobra γ counter (Packard, Meriden, CT, USA). The radioactivity of tumors and organs was expressed as percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (% ID/ g ± SD).
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4

Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Binding

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Monoclonal antibodies (30 µg in 50 µl PBS) were labeled with iodine-125 (PerkinElmer, Billerica, MA) using the iodogen method and were purified by gel filtration chromatography on a PD10 column (Sephadex G25, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden). Immunoreactivity was determined by binding assays of 10 ng of either 125I-c.8B6 or 125I-ch14.18 with serially diluted NXS2 cell suspension concentrations for 2 hours at 4°C. Cell-bound radioactivity was then separated from free antibody by centrifugation through a dibutylphthalate oil cushion in microfuge tubes. Cell pellets and supernatant activities were then separately measured using a gamma counter (Wallac, Finland). The binding data were analyzed with the Equilibrium Expert software [21] (link) according to a one-site equilibrium binding equation and the percentage of binding was determined by measuring the radioactivity bound to cells. For each experiment, non-specific binding evaluated in the presence of an excess of the unlabeled antibody 8B6 (2.0×10−6 M), was modelled as linearly dependent on the cell number.
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5

Radiolabeling of therapeutic proteins

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Cetuximab 5 mg/ml (Erbitux; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), etanercept (Enbrel; Immunex/Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA) and anakinra 149 mg/ml (Kineret; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden) were dialyzed against 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and radiolabeled with iodine-125 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). For radioiodination, the Iodogen method was applied. Briefly, 100 μg of cetuximab, 300 μg of etanercept, and 300 μg of anakinra were incubated in a tube coated with 100 μg 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3α,6α-diphenylglycouril (Iodogen) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with 50–72 MBq I-125 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, for 10–60 mins. Labeling efficiency was 68–90 %, and the radioiodinated products were purified by gel filtration on a PD-10 column (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden) that was eluted with phosphate-buffered saline and 0.5 % bovine serum albumin. The radiochemical purity was determined by instant thin-layer chromatography and exceeded 95 % for all preparations.
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6

Iodination and Internalization of Transferrin

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Iodination with iodine-125 was done in pre-coated iodination tubes (Pierce). 100 mg of transferrin was dispersed in 200 μL of PBS solution and added to the pre-coated iodination tubes. In a separate eppendorf, 1 μL of HCl (0.2 M), 2.5 μL of phosphate buffer (0.5 M, pH = 8), 10 μL of potassium iodide solution (1 mg/ml) was prepared. 3 mCi of iodine-125 (Perkin Elmer) was added into the tubes and the previous solution was then mixed in the iodination tubes. After 15 min of reaction at room temperature the solution was purified via PD10 column pre equilibrated with 20 mL of PBS solution. The purity was assessed via iTLC, and 125I-Tf was always > 98% pure.
PC3 and 22Rv1 cells were counted and plated at fixed cell concentrations between treatment arms. Cells were treated with vehicle or the bromodomain inhibitors iBET-151 or JQ1 (1 μM) for 48 hours, whereupon they were washed and incubated with 10 μCi 125I-Tf for 30 min at 37° C. After washing twice with PBS, the cell associated activity was harvested in 1M NaOH (aq.). The cell associated activity was expressed as a % of total activity to which the cells were exposed. This value was further normalized to cell number to correct for treatment-induced changes in cell viability.
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7

Screening for GnRHR Agonists

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Two compounds that rescue GnRHR function, SR-01000435409 and SR-01000544741 (Deltagen Research Laboratories, San Mateo, CA), were used as positive controls validating the assay for HTS. Note that STK062325 is identical to SR-01000435409 but was purchased from a commercial vendor (Vitas-M, Champaign, IL). Stable cell lines were created in HeLa cells as previously described2 (link),7 (link). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from HyClone (Logan, UT). The sources of other reagents are as follows: GnRH agonist, d-tert-butyl-Ser6-des-Gly10-Pro9-ethylamide-GnRH (Buserelin; Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Somerville, NJ), myo-[2-3H(N)]-inositol (NET-114A; PerkinElmer, Billerica, MA), Iodine-125 (carrier free, NEZ033L; PerkinElmer, Billerica, MA), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), PBS (GIBCO, Invitrogen).
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8

Production and Labeling of Cry Proteins

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The Cry1Fa, Cry1Ca, and Cry1Da proteins were produced in recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens strains and purified as described elsewhere31 . The Cry1Ab protein was produced in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain and purified as described previously12 (link). Purified Cry1Fa toxin (25 µg) was labeled with 0.5 mCi of iodine-125 (Perkin Elmer) as described elsewhere32 (link). Purity of the labeled toxin was assessed by SDS-10%PAGE followed by autoradiography.
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9

Radiolabeled Antibody Characterization for Prostate Cancer

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All data presented in this study are available upon request. All materials and chemicals were purchased from commercial vendors and used without further processing/purification. DU145, 22RV1, C4-2B, and PC3 cell lines were obtained from American Type Tissue Collection (ATCC) and cultured according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Cellular identity was authenticated by visually inspecting morphology and probing for signature expression markers on immunoblot. Mycoplasma contamination was tested within the first two passages after thawing cryostocks with the MycoAlert kit (Lonza). All cells were studied between passages 5 to 25. The monoclonal antibody 4A06 was expressed and purified in the IgG1 format as previously described (13 ). p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine (B-705) and p-SCN-Bn-DOTA (B-205) were purchased from Macrocyclics (Plano, TX). 89Zr-oxalate was obtained from 3D Imaging, LLC (Maumelle, AR). 177LuCl3 was obtained from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine-125 was obtained from Perkin Elmer. 68Ga-PSMA 11 was prepared by the radiopharmacy at UCSF according to previously reported protocol (17 (link)). LTL xenograft samples were acquired form Living Tumor Laboratory (Vancouver, BC) and the LuCaP xenograft series was provided by Dr. Eva Corey at University of Washington.
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10

Detailed Pharmacological Reagents Protocol

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AngII, poly-L-ornithine, arginine–vasopressin, Bradykinin and Isoproterenol were from Sigma. Prostaglandin F2α was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). [Sar1, Ile8]-AngII (SI) and [Asp1, Val5, Gly8]-AngII (DVG) were synthesized at the Université de Sherbrooke (Canada, QC). SR121463B was kindly provided by Sanofi Aventis (Bridgewater, NJ). DCPMP was synthetized at the medicinal chemistry platform of the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC, Montreal, Canada). SLIGKV-NH2 and salbutamol were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, United Kingdom). Iodine-125 was obtained from PerkinElmer. Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and other cell culture reagents were purchased from Invitrogen. Prolume Purple (Methoxy e-CTZ), coelenterazine 400a and coelenterazine-h were purchased from Nanolight Technology and Goldbio. Phusion DNA polymerase was from Thermo Scientific. Restriction enzymes and T4 DNA ligase were obtained from NEB. HTS was performed at the IRIC (Université de Montreal) using 1,260 compounds from Microsource Discovery Spectrum library (msdiscovery.com).
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