A modified Varian CLINAC (2100, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was used for all irradiations. The CLINAC was described in previous work by Queern et al. (2018) [25 ]. Similar to previous studies, a thin high Z material (tungsten) placed immediately upstream of the Ti target was used to enhance bremsstrahlung radiation. The average electron beam current was calibrated using an open-air AC current transformer fabricated by Bergoz Instrumentation (Saint Genis Pouilly, France). For calibration measurements, the transformer was mounted in the same location as the target holder. An electron beam energy of 22 MeV, the top setting with this CLINAC, was selected to maximize the photon flux in the region most likely to contain the highest photonuclear cross section for natTi(γ,p)47Sc.
Clinac 2100
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States
The Clinac 2100 is a laboratory equipment product from Agilent Technologies. It is a device used for the analysis and testing of clinical samples. The core function of the Clinac 2100 is to provide accurate and reliable measurements for various medical and diagnostic applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Trilogy linac, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Xio treatment planning system, by Elekta (1 mentions)
Clinac 600, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Vitalbeam, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Truebeam system, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Propanediol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Simvastatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using clinac 2100
1
Photonuclear Production of Scandium-47
2
Simulated Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy
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The patients were simulated using Combifix (CIVCO, Orange City, IA, USA) and treated by RA RT with Trilogy Linac (Varian Medical System, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and for 3D conformal RT with Clinac 2100 (Varian Medical System, Palo Alto, CA, USA).
The clinical target volume (CTV) was composed of the prostate gland with or without the seminal vesicles. The corresponding PTV was defined as CTV + 8 mm margin in each direction, with the exception of the posterior direction.
The clinical target volume (CTV) was composed of the prostate gland with or without the seminal vesicles. The corresponding PTV was defined as CTV + 8 mm margin in each direction, with the exception of the posterior direction.
3
Clonogenic Assay of Radiation Therapy
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Following stimulation (CM or control medium), SCC-25 and Detroit 562 cells were treated with increasing irradiation doses of 0 Gy (control), 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, and 10 Gy in one fraction with a dose rate of 2.7 Gy per minute. A 6 MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac 2100 linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA) was used. For clonogenic assays, 2 × 104 cells were plated in 250 ml cell culture flasks. After stimulation, cells were treated with 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy or 10 Gy with the same treatment modalities. Cell culture media were changed daily.
4
Sequential and Simultaneous Boost Radiation Protocols
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For sequential boost radiation, the tumor and involved and prophylactic nodal volumes all received 50.4 Gy at 2.1 Gy/fraction. Gross tumor and involved nodal volumes then received an additional 18.9 Gy at 2.1 Gy/fraction for a total dose of 69.3 Gy in 33 fractions. For SIB, tumor and involved nodal volumes received 69.3 Gy in 2.1 Gy/fraction as above, and prophylactic nodal levels received 1.7 Gy/fraction to 56.1 Gy in 33 fractions. Treatment was delivered via a Varian Clinac 2100 or Varian Trilogy with 6 MV photons and 7 to 9 radiation fields using a step-and-shoot method with sliding window technique. VMAT was not utilized in either cohort. Treatment was given once a day for 5 consecutive days each week. Treatment plans were required to meet coverage thresholds and normal tissue constraints as described above. All IMRT treatment plans underwent independent departmental review.
5
Radiotherapy Delivery Techniques for Tumor Treatment
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Radiotherapy was delivered using photon or electron beams. All photon-treatment planning were performed with 3-dimensional computed tomographic simulation using the XiO treatment planning system (ver. 4.1.1–4.6.0, Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden). Patents were immobilized using head shells. The electron field was defined manually by physician. The energy of the beam was selected to cover the tumor. A bolus was used to compensate for the surface dose as needed. RT techniques were carefully considered by physicians to ensure adequate dose delivering to the tumor while minimizing the dose to normal tissues such as the retina and macula. Treatment were delivered using EXL-20DP (Mitsubishi Electronics, CO.,Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) or MHCL-15SP (Mitsubishi Electonics Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) or Clinac 2100 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) or Clinac CL-iX (Varian medical Systmes, Palo Alto, CA, USA) Linac.
6
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
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Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy comprised external beam radiation with concomitant continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil 200 mg/m2/day throughout the course of radiation, which was interrupted during the weekends.
Pelvic radiotherapy was delivered for all patients using megavoltage photon beams (6 or 15 MV) from a linear accelerator (Clinac 600, Clinac 2100, or Varian, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). All fields were irradiated daily, five days per week. In total, a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions (single dose 1.8 Gy) was administered to the intersection of the fields. The boost volume was treated to a dose of 5.4 Gy in three fractions (single dose 1.8 Gy).
Surgery was performed 4-6 weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy.
The Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 was applied to evaluate toxicity.
Pelvic radiotherapy was delivered for all patients using megavoltage photon beams (6 or 15 MV) from a linear accelerator (Clinac 600, Clinac 2100, or Varian, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). All fields were irradiated daily, five days per week. In total, a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions (single dose 1.8 Gy) was administered to the intersection of the fields. The boost volume was treated to a dose of 5.4 Gy in three fractions (single dose 1.8 Gy).
Surgery was performed 4-6 weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy.
The Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 was applied to evaluate toxicity.
7
Irradiation of Caco-2 Cells
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The irradiation of Caco-2 cells was carried out at the Radiotherapy Department of ICS Maugeri (Pavia, Italy), using a 6 MV beam of a Varian Clinac 2,100™ (Palo Alto, USA) linear accelerator, routinely used to treat oncological patients. 6-well plates containing transparent 1 μm inserts (GreinerBio) with Caco-2 cells (for further assembly of the co-culture) were irradiated using a dose of 10 Gy, with a dose rate of 3 Gy/min at room temperature (RT). Control sham samples were prepared and underwent the same environmental/mechanical stresses as the other samples, except for the radiation exposure.
8
Definitive Radiation Therapy in Dogs
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Dogs received RT using a linear accelerator (Clinac 2100 or VitalBeam, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, California). Definitive RT was administered with 12 fractions of 4 Gy on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday basis. All treatments were carried out at 6 MV and were 3‐dimensionally (3D)‐planned from CT images using Pinnacle version 8/9 (Pinnacle, Phillips Radiation Oncology Systems, Phillips Healthcare, Andover, Massachusetts) or Eclipse 15.1 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, California) with intention to include ≥95% of the planning treatment volume (clinical target plus 0.5 cm) in the 95% to 105% isodose. Organs at risk were segmented. Plans utilized 3 or 4 coplanar beams, with beam collimation using multileaf collimator beam modification and dynamic wedges where appropriate. Dogs were immobilized as described for the CT scans. Portal imaging was carried out at least twice during the treatment protocol to verify position.
9
Evaluating IMRT Treatment Plans Across Tumor Sites
10
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
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All patients underwent dose-planning CT in the prone position. CT images from the baseline PET/CT studies were used for treatment planning. The planning target volume (PTV) was generated according to ICRU recommendations [24 , 25 ]. Three-dimensional plans were generated for a dual-energy (6 and 20MV x-rays) linear accelerator (Clinac 2100, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) equipped with multileaf collimators (MLC). Patients were planned using a 3 field arrangement to include the PTV within the 95% isodose and a dose of 25 Gy in 5 fractions over 1 week was prescribed to the ICRU 62 intersection point.
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