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31 protocols using synergy neo2 microplate reader

1

Apoptosis Measurement Using Caspase-Glo 3/7

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Cell death by apoptosis was measured using the Caspase-Glo 3/7 luminescent assay system kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Promega Madison, WI, USA). Briefly, 2 × 103 cells/well were seeded into 96-well plates (triplicates) and treated at the estimated single-agent vs. combination IC50 values calculated by the MTT assay. Following 48 h of incubation, Caspase-Glo 3/7 reagent was added, incubated for 2 h, and luminescence was measured using a Synergy Neo2 Microplate Reader (BioTek, USA). The apoptosis level in each treatment group was normalized to the control group (no drug treatment with baseline caspase 3/7 assay luminescence) for each cell line.
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2

BRET Assay for CysLTR2 Activation

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HEK293T cells were transiently transfected with 5 ng of β-arrestin2-RLuc3 and 0, 12.8, 32, 80, or 200 ng of CysLTR2-GFP10 WT/-L129Q, CysLTR2-V2 WT/-L129Q, or CysLTR2-V2(A)6 WT/-L129Q per well. Then, 24 h after transfection, media were aspirated carefully from all wells. Then, 30 μl of the prewarmed BRET buffer (DMEM FluoroBrite, 15-mM HEPES, 0.1% (w/v) BSA, 4-mM glutamine) was added to each well. Half of the WT wells were stimulated with LTD4, so 10 μl of LTD4 in the BRET buffer (final concentration 1 μM) was added to these. Then, 10 μl of the BRET buffer was added to all other wells. Cells were incubated for 10 min at RT. After the incubation, BRET2 measurements were taken on the BioTek Synergy NEO2 microplate reader using filter set 109 (center wavelength/band width) of 410/80 nm (donor) and 515/30 nm (acceptor). First, the GFP fluorescence was read using the monochromator (ex: 395 nm, em: 510 nm ± 20 nm from the bottom, autogain) to quantify total expression levels. After this procedure, the cell-permeable substrate methoxy e-Coelenterazine (Me-O-e-CTZ/Prolume Purple) was added to each well at a final concentration of 5 μM, and the luminescence at the two wavelengths was read simultaneously.
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3

Rapamycin-Induced Protein Dimerization

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S1030 cells were transfomred by electroporation with two plasmids: (i) a constituitive N-terminal GFP-FRB fusion, and (ii) an arabionse inducible FKBP-C-terminal GFP fusion. The transformed cells were then plated onto agar plates (15 g/L in LB) with 50 μg/mL spectinomycin, 33 μg/mL chloramphenicol, and 10 mM glucose. Single colonies were then grown to saturation overnight at 37 °C, and then each well of a 96-well deep well plate containing 0.54 mL of LB with antibiotics, 10 mM glucose or 10 mM arabinose, and varying concentrations of rapamycin (0 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM, 20 μM, and 100 μM) was innoculated with 60 μL of the overnight culture. After growth with shaking at 37 °C for 3 h, 6 h, and 30 h, 150 μL of each culture was transferred to a 96-well deep well plate. The cultures were centrifuged (10 min, 25 ° C, 2000 rcf) and resuspended in 1 mL of PBS three times before suspending them in 150 μL of PBS and transferring them to a 96-well black wall, clear bottom plate (Costar), and GFP fluorescence (ex. 485/20 nm, em. 516/20 nm) and OD600 was measured on a Synergy Neo2 Microplate Reader (BioTek). The data were analyzed by dividing the background-corrected GFP fluorescence values by the background-corrected OD600 value. All values were then normalized to the 0 nM rapamycin (sample size n = 5 biological replicates for each condition).
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4

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Gefitinib and Bortezomib

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Cell cultures were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 5,000–10,000 cells per well in 100uL of media and allowed to grow for 24 h prior to treatment. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Gefitinib (5um, 10um, 20um, 40um) and Bortezomib (5nM, 10nM, 15nM, 20nM) for 24 h prior to viability assay. DMSO controls were incubated with the highest concentration of DMSO used corresponding to the comparative drug treatments. Prior to analysis, plates were equilibrated to room temperature and cell viability assay performed using CellTiterGlo (Promega Corporation, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Plates were incubated for 30 min at room temperature prior to recording luminescence on the Synergy Neo2 microplate reader (BioTek, USA).
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5

Quantifying Serum Endostatin and VEGF

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Fasting blood samples were drawn from the median cubital vein using venipuncture and stored in a serum separator tube. After clotting for 30 min, samples were centrifuged at 1000×g for 15 min and serum was extracted and stored at –80°C for batch analysis. The Human Endostatin Quantikine® ELISA Kit (DNST0) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used to measure the serum endostatin concentration. Samples were diluted using a 50-fold dilution factor (20μL of serum +980μL of diluent) as per the manufacturer’s requirements. The Human VEGF Quantikine® Kit (DVE00) from R & D Systems was used to measure serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. For both kits, samples were analyzed in duplicates or triplicates using a standard microplate reader (BioTek Synergy Neo2 microplate reader; Winooski, VT, USA) at 450 nm corrected to 540 nm. The standard manufacturer’s protocol was followed for both assays.
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6

Calcium Signaling in PC-3 Cells

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PC-3 cells were cultured in 96-well black-walled microplates and loaded with Fluo-4 NW, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, according to the manufacturer’s manual (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Briefly, PC-3 cells were incubated with 100 μL of the Fluo-4 NW loading solution containing Fluo-4 in 1X Hanks’ balanced salt solution with 2.5 mM probenecid and 20 mM HEPES. After 50 min of incubation in the dark, the 96-well plates were transferred to a microplate reader for the measurement of Fluo-4 fluorescence with a Synergy Neo2 microplate reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, USA) equipped with syringe pumps and custom Fluo-4 excitation/emission filters (485/538 nm).
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7

Plaque Formation and Cell Killing Assays

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Plaque formation and cell killing assays were performed essentially as described previously21 (link),22 (link) with a BZ X-700 or -800 fluorescence microscope (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) and a Synergy Neo2 microplate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA), respectively.
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8

Kinetics of DNA Hydrolysis by DNase I

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Cy3-labeled free DNA, YPEG-DNA, and pacDNAs (100 nM DNA concentration) were each mixed with complementary dabcyl-labeled DNA (200 nM) in assay buffer (10 mM tris, 2.5 mM MgCl2, and 0.5 mM CaCl2, pH = 7.5). The mixtures were heated to 80 °C and allowed to cool slowly to room temperature in a thermally insulated container during a period of 10 h. Each mixture (100 μL) was transferred to a 96-well optical bottom plate (Fisher Scientific Inc.). DNase I (Sigma-Aldrich) was then added with a multichannel pipette and rapidly mixed to give a final concentration of 0.1 unit/mL. The fluorescence of the samples (ex = 540±25 nm, em = 590±35 nm) was measured immediately and every 30 secs for 3 h in a Synergy Neo2 microplate reader (BioTek Instruments Inc.). The endpoint was determined when no additional increase of fluorescence was observed. The kinetics plots were normalized to the endpoints determined for each sample, and all experiments were performed in triplicates.
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9

Quantifying IFN-α/β in Transduced BMDCs

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For IFN-α/β detection, GFP+CD11c+ transduced BMDCs at a density of 1 × 106 cells/ml were seeded into 48-well plates. The supernatants were harvested after 16–18 h of incubation under pulsed blue light (470 nm, 20 s ON, 5 min OFF, 1–4 mW/cm2) or in the dark. IFN-α and IFNβ were quantified using the IFN-alpha/ IFN-beta bioluminescent ELISA kit (luex-mifnav2, luex-mifnbv2; InvivoGene, San Diego, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The absorbance was measured using a Synergy Neo2 microplate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA). Additionally, inflammatory cytokines in supernatants were analyzed by the mouse LEGENDplex custom flow analyte kit (BioLegend) and subjected to flow cytometry analysis using a LSRII flow cytometer. The concentrations of IFN-α and IFN-γ in tumor homogenates and serum were measured using the IFN-α and IFN-γ ELISA Kit (KMC4021, Invitrogen).
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10

Quantifying Pharmacokinetics of Labeled Melatonin

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Immunocompetent mice (C57BL/6) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5): free MEL, pacMELs, and bottlebrush polymer (MEL is labeled with Cy5.5; equal MEL basis [6 nmol]; identical polymer molar amount as pacMELClv). Samples were injected intravenously via the tail vein and blood samples were collected from the submandibular region at varying time points (30 min, 2, 4, 10, 24, and 48 h) using vacutainer blood collection tubes containing sodium heparin (Becton, Dickinson and Company, US). Plasma at different time points was obtained by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm 4 °C for 15 min. The clear plasma samples were then transferred into a 96-well optical bottom plate (Fisher Scientific Inc., US) for fluorescence readout (ex = 620 nm, em = 680 nm) using a Synergy Neo2 microplate reader (BioTek Instruments Inc., US). The average values of each time point were then plotted against the standard curve prepared by sequential dilution with freshly collected mouse plasma.
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