Crystal violet

Manufactured by Agilent Technologies

Sourced in United States

Crystal violet is a synthetic dye commonly used in laboratory applications. It is a dark purple crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Crystal violet is a popular staining agent used in various biological and microscopy techniques.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Crystal violet, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Crystal violet, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Crystal violet, by Beyotime (2 mentions) Epoch microplate spectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions) 6.5 mm transwell chambers with 8 mm pores, by Corning (1 mentions) Dmr inverted microscope, by Leica (1 mentions) Microplate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Synergy h1, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Formaldehyde, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Corning (1 mentions) Lionheart plate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Synergy htx plate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) 96 well plate, by Corning (1 mentions) Prism 7, by GraphPad (1 mentions) Synergy neo plate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Synergy hybrid multi mode microplate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Centro lb 960, by Berthold Technologies (1 mentions) Celltiter glo, by Promega (1 mentions) 8 μm pore size chamber inserts, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

17 protocols using crystal violet

Transwell Assay for Schwann Cell Migration

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The migration rate of Schwann cells was measured using a transwell-based assay, as previously described (Li et al., 2015). Briefly, the bottom surfaces of 6.5-mm transwell chambers with 8 mm pores (Costar, Cambridge, MA, USA) were coated with fibronectin. Schwann cells in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium were seeded onto the upper chamber, and the bottom chamber was filled with complete culture medium. After 24 hours of culture, Schwann cells remaining on the upper surface were removed by a cotton swab. Schwann cells that migrated to the lower surface were stained by crystal violet (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Migration images were obtained using a DMR inverted microscope (Leica Microsystems). Next, 33% acetic acid was used to wash crystal violet labeled migrated Schwann cells, and absorbance of crystal violet (Bio-tek, Winooski, VT, USA) was measured at 570 nm to determine cell migration ability.

Ji X.M., Wang S.S., Cai X.D., Wang X.H., Liu Q.Y., Wang P., Cheng Z.C, & Qian T.M. (2019). Novel miRNA, miR-sc14, promotes Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Neural Regeneration Research, 14(9), 1651-1656.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Quantifying Bacterial Biofilm Formation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Biofilm formation was assayed by crystal violet staining. Aliquots (1 mL) of diluted bacterial suspensions were cultured with samples at 37°C for 12 or 24 h. The samples were gently washed with PBS three times to remove planktonic bacteria. Biofilms were dried at 37°C for 1 h and stained with 200 μL of 1% (wt/vol) crystal violet (Solarbio, Beijing, China) at room temperature for 15 min. The samples were rinsed three times with PBS to remove excess stain. After drying at 37°C for 30 min, biofilm formation was quantified by solubilization of crystal violet in 95% ethanol for 15 min with agitation at 300 rpm. The crystal violet concentration was determined by measuring the OD at 570 nm on a microplate reader (Bio-Tek). The experiment was performed three times to obtain means and standard errors of the means.

Han Y., Yu Q., Dong X., Hou J, & Han J. (2022). Plasma SiOx:H Nanocoatings to Enhance the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Biomaterials. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 17, 381-394.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Transwell-Based Cell Invasion Assay

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Transwell assay was carried out as described in our previous study [14 (link)]. Briefly, cells were starved in a serum-free medium for 24 h and then seeded at a density of 2.5 × 10⁴ cells/mL in FBS-free DMEM in the upper chamber. The lower chamber was added 600 μL medium with 10% FBS. After incubating for 24 h in the cell culture incubator, cells in the upper chamber were using a cotton swab. Invaded cells in the bottom surface were fixed and stained with crystal violet (0.1%, Sigma, USA). After washed with water, images of the invaded cells were photographed. Then, crystal violet stained cells were lysed with 10% acetic acid, and the absorbance value of the lysates was read at 490 nm using a microplate reader (Synergy H1, BioTek, USA). The OD values were used to quantitate the invaded cells.

Yang F., Cai J., Zhan H., Situ J., Li W., Mao Y, & Luo Y. (2020). Suppression of TRPM7 Inhibited Hypoxia-Induced Migration and Invasion of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells by Enhancing RACK1-Mediated Degradation of HIF-1α. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 6724810.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Quantification of Cell Viability

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Cell Lines were plated in 96-well plates (Corning, Kennebunk, ME, USA) at a density of 2500 cells per well. The following day, cells were treated with test compounds diluted in complete media followed by incubation for 48 h. Post-incubation cells were washed with PBS (Corning Cellgro, Manassas, VA, USA), fixed with 3.0% formaldehyde (Fisher BioReagents, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) in PBS, and stained for 30 min with 0.1% crystal violet (Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) in water. crystal violet stain was removed, and plates were washed with H₂O and allowed to dry. To quantify cell viability, plates were imaged using the Lionheart Plate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) and/or analyzed by absorbance at 540 nm (crystal violet dye dissolved in 100% methanol) using the Synergy HTX plate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA). To determine the effective cytotoxic concentration (EC₅₀) of test compounds the data were plotted using a 4-parameter non-linear regression model using GraphPad Prism7 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).

Nelson K.J., Messier T., Milczarek S., Saaman A., Beuschel S., Gandhi U., Heintz N., Smalley TL J.r., Lowther W.T, & Cunniff B. (2021). Unique Cellular and Biochemical Features of Human Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin 3 Establish the Molecular Basis for Its Specific Reaction with Thiostrepton. Antioxidants, 10(2), 150.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

NHSF Proliferation Quantification

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

NHSFs grown in a 6-well plate and transfected with non-targeting or Gdown1 siRNAs for 72 h were aspirated of media and washed once in 1× PBS. Afterwards, the cells were stained with 500 μl 0.5% w/v crystal violet (Sigma C0775) prepared in 20% methanol for 5 min. The crystal violet solution was removed, and the cells were washed twice in 1× PBS and once in water, then allowed to dry overnight. The OD595 of crystal violet stained cells and background control wells was determined using a BioTek Synergy NEO plate reader. A standard curve utilized for data interpolation was generated through serial dilution and staining of NHSFs.

Ball C.B., Parida M., Santana J.F., Spector B.M., Suarez G.A, & Price D.H. (2022). Nuclear export restricts Gdown1 to a mitotic function. Nucleic Acids Research, 50(4), 1908-1926.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Glucose Uptake and ROS Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Cells were cultured in 24-well plates for Glucose Uptake assay or 96-well plates for ROS assay and the respective experiments were conducted according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Promega, Madison, WI). Luminescence was normalized using the average crystal violet staining absorbance of 3 replicates plated in parallel of experimental samples. For crystal violet staining, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, stained overnight with crystal violet solution containing 0.1% crystal violet (Alfa Aesar) in 10% Ethanol, washed with distilled water until excess solution was removed, and dried at room temperature. crystal violet absorbance was measured at 595nm using Synergy™ Hybrid Multi-Mode Microplate Reader (BioTek). One-way ANOVA using Sidak’s multiple comparison test was used to calculate significance of ROS measurements in nutrient deprivation conditions.

White S.M., Avantaggiati M.L., Nemazanyy I., Di Poto C., Yang Y., Pende M., Gibney G.T., Ressom H.W., Field J., Atkins M.B, & Yi C. (2019). YAP/TAZ inhibition induces metabolic and signaling rewiring resulting in targetable vulnerabilities in NF2-deficient tumor cells. Developmental cell, 49(3), 425-443.e9.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Quantifying Biofilm Antimicrobial Efficacy

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The efficacy of the antimicrobial agents on biofilms was determined by quantifying the total biomass using crystal violet staining. Following incubation, the media was slowly discarded leaving behind the attached biofilms on the surface of the plate. The attached biofilms were collected by adding 500 μl of PBS (0.1 M, pH 7.4) to the samples. All centrifugation steps were performed at 12,000 × g at room temperature. Biofilms were pelleted for 5 min, and the supernatant was discarded. A volume of 50 μl (0.01%) crystal violet (Sigma) was added to the pellet, and the mixture was incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The unbound stain was removed by pelleting the biofilms for 5 min and by discarding the supernatant. The pellet was washed with 200 μl PBS and again pelleted for 5 min. The supernatant was discarded in addition to adding 200 μl of 10% acetic acid (Sigma) to the pellet to release and dissolve the stain. The samples were then incubated at room temperature for 15 min. Biofilms were pelleted for 5 min prior to extracting the crystal violet stain from the biofilms, which were transferred to a 96-well plate, and absorbance was measured at 595 nm using a BioTek spectrophotometer.

Theophilus P.A., Victoria M.J., Socarras K.M., Filush K.R., Gupta K., Luecke D.F, & Sapi E. (2015). Effectiveness of Stevia Rebaudiana Whole Leaf Extract Against the Various Morphological Forms of Borrelia Burgdorferi in Vitro. European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology, 5(4), 268-280.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Crystal Violet Cell Viability Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Cells were plated in 96-well plates and incubated overnight. The next day, the media was replaced with media containing the indicated concentrations of drug or an equivalent volume of vehicle. After 96 hours of treatment, cells were rinsed with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and stained with crystal violet solution (0.5% crystal violet [Sigma C0775] in 25% methanol). To quantify results, crystal violet-stained cells were solubilized in a 1:1 mixture of 200 mM sodium citrate and 100% ethanol and absorbance at 590 nm was read using a Biotek Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer.

O’Keefe R.A., Bhola N.E., Lee D.S., Johnson D.E, & Grandis J.R. (2020). Interleukin 6 is increased in preclinical HNSCC models of acquired cetuximab resistance, but is not required for maintenance of resistance. PLoS ONE, 15(1), e0227261.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Evaluating Cell Viability with Luminescence and Crystal Violet

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For cell Titer-Glo experiments, 200 to 3000 cells were seeded in 96-well flat-bottom black plates and treated with increasing concentration of drug for 72-h, as previously described ( 55 ). Following drug treatment, 25 μL of CellTiter-Glo (Promega) was added and read on a Centro LB 960 microplate luminometer (Berthold Technologies). For crystal violet assay, cells were seeded at 50,000 cells/well of 6-well plate. Cells were treated with increasing concentration of drug as indicated and incubated until no treatment wells were confluent. Cells were then fixed with 50% glutaraldehyde and stained with 0.1% crystal violet (Sigma–Aldrich) and visualized. For quantification of crystal violet assay, cells stained with crystal violet were slowly rinsed with PBS prior to addition of 1% SDS to solubilize the crystal violet. The solubilized crystal violet was then quantified at 570 nm using BioTek Gen5 Spectrometer.

Jacob S., Turner T.H., Cai J., Floros K.V., Yu A.K., Coon C.M., Khatri R., Alzubi M.A., Jakubik C.T., Bouck Y.M., Puchalapalli M., Shende M., Dozmorov M.G., Boikos S.A., Hu B., Harrell J.C., Benes C.H., Koblinski J.E., Costa C, & Faber A.C. (2022). Genomic screening reveals ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 as a potent and druggable target in c-MYC-high triple negative breast cancer models. PNAS Nexus, 1(5), pgac232.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Cell Migration and Invasion Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Cell migration and invasion assays were performed in 24-well plates with 8 μm pore size chamber inserts (Millipore), as previously described [27 (link)]. The invasion assay used coated Matrigel (Corning, 1:10 dilution) in the upper chamber, simulating characteristics of the extracellular matrix, and the migration assay used chamber inserts only. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with LINC00449 and LINC01270 siRNAs and NC siRNA for 16 h. Then, siRNA-transfected cells were reseeded into the upper chamber with 100 μL serum-free medium (6 × 104 cells/well). A total of 750 μL medium containing 10% FBS was placed in the lower chamber as a chemoattractant. After incubation at 37 °C for 48 h, cells adhering to the lower surface membrane of the upper chamber were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 30 min, followed by staining with 0.1% crystal violet (Sigma-Aldrich), and then subjected to microscopic inspection. Five visual fields of each insert were randomly chosen. crystal violet was then eluted using 33% acetic acid and quantified by measuring the absorbance at 590 nm with BioTek Synergy HT plate reader. Relative migrated and invaded cells were normalized to the NC siRNA group and expressed as percent (%) of negative control. Results represent data obtained from three independent experiments.

Ping J., Huang S., Wu J., Bao P., Su T., Gu K., Cai H., Guo X., Lipwort L., Blot W.J., Zheng W., Cai Q, & Shu X.O. (2020). Association between lincRNA expression and overall survival for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment, 186(3), 769-777.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!