Glutamine

Manufactured by Quality Biological

Sourced in United States

Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. It serves as a primary fuel source for rapidly dividing cells, such as those found in the intestine and immune system. Glutamine also acts as a precursor for the synthesis of other important biomolecules, including glutathione and nucleic acids. This versatile amino acid is essential for maintaining cellular function and homeostasis.

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Lab products found in correlation

Penicillin, by Quality Biological (5 mentions) Streptomycin, by Quality Biological (5 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Dulbecco s minimal essential medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Jc 1 mitoscreen kit, by BD (2 mentions) Coomassie brilliant blue r 250, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) L 5 3h proline, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cisplatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Echistatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fitc annexin 5 apoptosis detection kit, by BD (1 mentions) Scintillation cocktail ultima gold xr, by Hewlett-Packard (1 mentions) Fitc annexin 5 apoptosis detection kit 2, by BD (1 mentions) Mcf 7, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Apo direct kit, by BD (1 mentions) Mda mb 231 breast, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Etoposide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Vnmr 500 spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Quality Biological (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

L-glutamine (46 citations) L−1l-glutamine (2 citations)

5 protocols using glutamine

Integrin-Mediated Cell Signaling Pathway

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Alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG antibodies, bacterial collagenase, 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Fast BCIP/NBT reagent, l-glycyl-proline, l-proline, monoclonal (mouse) anti-IGF-IR, anti-pERK1/2 and polyclonal (rabbit) anti-β-actin antibodies, sodium pyruvate, and oxythiamine, were provided by Sigma Corp., USA., as were most other chemicals and buffers used. Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in cell culture were products of Gibco, USA. Glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from Quality Biological Inc., USA. Nitrocellulose membrane (0.2 μm), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), polyacrylamide, molecular weight standards, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 were received from Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA. L-5[³H] proline (28 Ci/mmol) was purchased from Amersham, UK. Monoclonal (mouse) anti-β₁ and polyclonal (rabbit) anti-α₂-integrin and anti-NFκB p65 antibodies were the products of Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., USA. Polyclonal (rabbit) anti-ERK1/2 and monoclonal (rabbit) anti-pAkt antibodies were the products of Cell Signaling Inc., USA. Polyclonal anti-human prolidase antibody was donated by Dr. James Phang (NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD, USA). 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA) was purchased from Applichem GmbH, Germany.

Szoka L., Karna E, & Palka J. (2015). The mechanism of oxythiamine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 403(1), 51-60.

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Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer

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Cisplatin, echistatin, DMSO, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Stock culture of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (USA). Dulbecco’s minima essential medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in a cell culture were products of Gibco (USA). Glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from QualityBiological Inc. (USA). [³H]thymidine (6.7 Ci/mmol) were purchased from NEN (USA), and scintillation cocktail “Ultima GoldXR” from Packard (USA). FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit was a product of BD Pharmigen (USA).

Czarnomysy R., Surażyński A., Popławska B., Rysiak E., Pawłowska N., Czajkowska A., Bielawski K, & Bielawska A. (2016). Synergistic action of cisplatin and echistatin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 427(1), 13-22.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a′]diisoquinoline Derivatives

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The octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a′]diisoquinoline derivatives (1-7) were synthesized using previously standardized methods in the lab. [16] [17] [18] Stock cultures of human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in a cell culture were products of Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from Quality Biological Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit II, JC-1 MitoScreen Kit, and Apo-Direct Kit were products of BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA).

Gornowicz A., Pawłowska N., Czajkowska A., Czarnomysy R., Bielawska A., Bielawski K., Michalak O., Staszewska-Krajewska O, & Kałuża Z. (2017). Biological evaluation of octahydropyrazin[2,1-a:5,4-a']diisoquinoline derivatives as potent anticancer agents. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 39(6).

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Characterization of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

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Stock cultures of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells were purchased from The American Type Culture Collection. DMEM and FBS used in cell culture were products of Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin were obtained from Quality Biological, Inc. The JC-1 MitoScreen kit was supplied by BD Pharmigen; BD Biosciences. ELISA kits used to detect the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, mTOR and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)1 were obtained from Wuhan EIAab Science Co., Ltd. (cat. nos. E0100 h, E0553 h, E0133 h, E0699 h, E14969 h and EH0161). Etoposide was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA and the purity of the compound was >98%. Monoclonal anti-MUC1 antibody (cat. no. MA1-06503) was a product of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded using a Varian VNMR500 spectrometer (Varian, Inc.). Chemical shifts are quoted in parts per million relative to TMS for ¹H and toluene-d₈ for ¹³C NMR. Coupling constants J are reported in Hz. Mass spectra were recorded using an AMD-604 Intectra GmbH mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation).

Gornowicz A., Szymanowski W., Bielawska A., Szymanowska A., Czarnomysy R., Kałuża Z, & Bielawski K. (2019). Monoclonal anti-MUC1 antibody with novel octahydropyrazino[2,1-a:5,4-a′]diisoquinoline derivative as a potential multi-targeted strategy in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 42(4), 1391-1403.

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VACV Infection of A549 Cell Lines

Cited 2 times

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A549, A549DKO (with PKR and RNase L knocked out), A549-EF1α-Gluc, and A549DKO-EF1α-Gluc cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM; Quality Biological) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Peak Serum), 2 mM glutamine (Quality Biological), 100 U/ml of penicillin (Quality Biological), and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Quality Biological). The cells were grown under 5% CO₂ at 37°C. A549 and A549DKO were kind gifts from Dr. Bernard Moss [43 (link)]. A549-EF1α-Gluc and A549DKO-EF1α-Gluc were generated in this study.
All VACVs used in this study are based on VACV Western Reserve (WR) strain (ATCC VR-1354). vD9muD10mu, vD10mu, vΔD10, vΔD9, vD9mu, vΔA23, and vRO-G8R were kind gifts from Dr. Moss [37 (link)-40 (link)]. Wild type (WT) VACV, vD10mu, vΔD10, vΔD9, vD9mu, and vD9muD10mu were prepared and titrated as described elsewhere [22 (link), 40 (link), 48 ].
VACV infection was carried out using DMEM containing 2.5% FBS. Virus was sonicated and diluted according to desired MOI. Medium containing viruses was added to the cultured cells and incubated at 37°C for 1 h and replaced with fresh medium.

Molina J.A, & Yang Z. (2022). Rapid and quantitative evaluation of VACV-induced host shutoff using newly generated cell lines stably expressing secreted Gaussia luciferase. Journal of medical virology, 94(8), 3811-3819.

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