Verapamil

Manufactured by MedChemExpress

Sourced in United States

Verapamil is a laboratory reagent manufactured by MedChemExpress. It is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits the movement of calcium ions across cell membranes.

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Verapamil hydrochloride (2 citations)

7 protocols using verapamil

Baicalein Glucuronides Profiling Protocol

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Polyethylene glycol 400 was obtained from Xiqiao Chemical Co., Ltd. Baicalein‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronide(BG), baicalein and genistein (IS) standards (purity ≥98%) were obtained from China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. Baicalein‐6‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronide(B6G) standard (purity ≥95%) was obtained from Dalian Medical University. Hank's buffered salt solution (HBSS), phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), Tris‐HCl buffer solution (PH = 7.4) and Tris‐Tricine‐SDS‐PAGE gel kit were obtained from Solarbio (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.). 100 U/ml of penicillin, 100 μg/ml of streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 0.25% trypsin with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (trypsin–EDTA) were obtained from Wiseen. Verapamil, MK571 and KO143 were obtained from MedChemExpress. The human intestine microsomes were obtained from Xenotech. The uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) (purity ≥95%) was obtained from Quanyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The alamethicin (purity ≥98.0%) was obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

Cao S., Zhang M., Yuan M., Yang D., Zhao M., Zhang S., Wang P., Zhang R, & Gao X. (2022). The pharmaceutical excipient PEG400 affect the absorption of baicalein in Caco‐2 monolayer model by interacting with UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases and efflux transport proteins. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 10(1), e00928.

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CXR Gene Expression Modulation Protocol

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Metyrapone, ketoconazole and Rho123 were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Verapamil was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). DNA transfection reagents were purchased from Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China).
Real-time quantitative PCR primers were synthesized by Zhejiang Shangya Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang, China). Silenced CXR gene expression siRNA named siCXR was designed and synthesized by Sangon Bioengineering Shanghai (Stock) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and CXR eukaryotic expression plasmid PCDNA3.1-CXR was constructed in the laboratory before.

Li M., Xu Z., Lu W., Wang L, & Zhang Y. (2022). Potential Pharmacokinetic Effect of Chicken Xenobiotic Receptor Activator on Sulfadiazine: Involvement of P-glycoprotein Induction. Antibiotics, 11(8), 1005.

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Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Compound Effects

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DHW-221 was synthesized and purified as described previously (23 (link)). GDC-0980 and MG132 were obtained from Bide Pharmtech Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Taxol, docetaxel, vincristine, cisplatin, verapamil, and cycloheximide (CHX) were purchased from MedChem Express (NJ, USA). Rhodamine (Rho-123) and crystal violet were obtained from Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hoechst 33342 and 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). The Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/PI-double staining apoptosis detection kit and propidium iodide (PI) were obtained from Becton, Dickinson and Company (NJ, USA). P-gp antibody (CST, #13978; Rabbit, AF5185), PI3Kp110α antibody (rabbit, AF5112), p-FOXO3a (Ser253) antibody (rabbit, AF3020), and Bim antibody (Rabbit, AF0121) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences Pty Ltd. (Melbourne). Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) detection kit (WL03271) and other primary antibodies were purchased from Wanlei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shenyang, China)

Liu M., Xu C., Qin X., Liu W., Li D., Jia H., Gao X., Wu Y., Wu Q., Xu X., Xing B., Jiang X., Lu H., Zhang Y., Ding H, & Zhao Q. (2022). DHW-221, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Overcomes Multidrug Resistance by Targeting P-Glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and Akt-Mediated FOXO3a Nuclear Translocation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 12, 873649.

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Probing Vasodilation Mechanisms

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To elucidate the role of the endothelium, K⁺ channel, and PI3K/Akt/Rho-kinase pathways in GPS-mediated vasodilation, the aortic rings with intact endothelium were preincubated with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (100 μM L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (100 μM indomethacin), and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (100 μM methylene blue), respectively, for 30 min, while the aortic rings without endothelium were preincubated with different K⁺ channel blockers of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, 10 mM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 1 mM), BaCl₂ (1 mM), glibenclamide (0.01 mM), L-type Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor (100 μM verapamil), PI3K/Akt inhibitor (10 μM LY294002), and Rho-kinase inhibitor (10 μM Y27632) for 30 min (all inhibitors were obtained from MedChem Express, NJ, USA). After achieving a plateau of PE-induced contracted tension, GPS was added in a cumulative manner (20, 80, and 160 μΜ) for 20 min, and the concentration-response curves were recorded.

Xing S., Nong F., Qin J., Huang H., Zhan R, & Chen W. (2021). Gentiopicroside Produces Endothelium-Independent Vasodilation by Deactivating the PI3K/Akt/Rho-Kinase Pathway in Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. BioMed Research International, 2021, 5565748.

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Preparation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds

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3-Hydroxytyramium (S15944309, Merck, Zug, Switzerland), diclofenac (D6899-10G, Sigma-Aldrich, Zug, Switzerland), and haloprogin (FD131, SynChem, Altenburg, Germany) were purchased, as indicated. Rapta-C was synthesized using a method presented elsewhere in the literature [43 (link)]. Acetylsalicyl acid (HY-107831), disulfiram (HY-B0240), famotidine (HY-B0377), ivermectin (HY-15310), metformin (HY-17471A), parthenolide (HY-N0141) and verapamil (HY-A0064) were purchased through MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Erlotinib-HCl was purchased from LC laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). 3-Hydroxytyramium, diclofenac and metformin were dissolved in sterile ultrapure water. All other drugs were dissolved in sterile DMSO. Dependent on the solubility, drug stock solutions were prepared for long-term storage at −80 °C (Table S11). Sunitinib (Pfizer), was dissolved in sterile DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, D8418-50 ML) and used as positive control at 0.01% in cell culture medium.

Rausch M., Rutz A., Allard P.M., Delucinge-Vivier C., Docquier M., Dormond O., Dyson P.J., Wolfender J.L, & Nowak-Sliwinska P. (2021). Drug Repurposing to Identify a Synergistic High-Order Drug Combination to Treat Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 13(16), 3978.

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Isolation and Culture of Side Population Cells

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Side population (SP) cells of A549 or PC9 were analyzed and sorted using the method described by Maria M. Ho16 (link). Briefly, 1 × 10⁶ cells were labeled with 5 µg/ml Hoechst33342 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) alone or in combination with 50 µg/ml verapamil (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ). Then the cells were centrifuged and suspended in a culture medium containing 2% FBS, and incubated with 1 μg/ml propidium iodide (Thermo Fisher Scientific). SP analysis and sorting were done on MoFlo XDP cell sorter (Beckman, Brea, CA). Isolated SP cells were seeded into 24-well Ultra Low Cluster plates (Corning) and cultured in a complete culture medium (ThermoFisher Scientific) containing DMEM/F12 (1:1), EGF (20 ng/mL), bFGF (20 ng/mL), and B27 (2%). After 10-14 days, spheres were counted under an inverse microscope.

Lu L., Zeng Y., Yu Z., Chen S., Xie J., Rao B., Yang B., Qiu F., Lu J, & Yang L. (2023). EIF4a3-regulated circRABL2B regulates cell stemness and drug sensitivity of lung cancer via YBX1-dependent downregulation of MUC5AC expression. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 19(9), 2725-2739.

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Pharmacological Modulators of Cell Signaling

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Indomethacin, carbonyl cyanide-p-tri uoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), Glibenclamide, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitrendipine, probenecid, reserpine, sodium azide and tamoxifen were from Merck-Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid-Spain); 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) and sul npyrazone from ChemCruz (USA); ivermectin from alfa-aesar (Germany); imatinib, nilotinib and isradipine from Carbosynth (UK); Fumitremorgin-C, rifampicine and verapamil from MedChem Express (USA).

García-de-Diego A.M. (2023). C-subfamily ATP binding cassette transporters extrude the calcium fluorescent probe fluo-4 from a cone photoreceptor cell line. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 396(8).

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