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Diamat

Manufactured by Bio-Rad
Sourced in United States, Italy, Germany

The Diamat is a laboratory equipment designed for the analysis and measurement of hemoglobin and other proteins. It utilizes the principle of ion-exchange chromatography to separate and quantify different forms of hemoglobin, such as HbA1c, within a biological sample. The Diamat provides accurate and reliable data to support clinical decision-making and patient monitoring.

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19 protocols using diamat

1

Metabolic Profiling in Fasting Participants

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All participants were examined in the morning after overnight fasting. Serum and plasma were immediately separated and stored at −20 °C in multiple vials for later analysis.
Serum glucose (Dimension RXL system, Dade Behring, Dallas, TX, USA) and serum insulin (IMMULITE 2000 analyser, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) levels were measured using immunoenzymatic assays, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (DIAMAT, Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA, USA). The normal range for HbA1c was 4.2–6.0%, and the CV at 5.5% was 4.8.
Home blood glucose measurements were performed using the Roche Diagnostics Accu-Chek Aviva Nano® glucose meter. We transferred logged data to a computer utilising the Roche Diagnostics Accu-Chek Smart Pix® device (Roche Diabetes Care Italy S.p.A., Monza, Milan, Italy).
Ketonuria was measured using Bayer Ketostix® urine strips and ketonemia was determined by Abbott MediSense Optium Xceed Meter®.
Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were measured using routine laboratory methods. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated using the Friedwald formula: LDL = total cholesterol − HDL cholesterol − TG/2.2 [30 (link)].
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2

BMI, HbA1c, and Type 2 Diabetes

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Information on body-mass index (BMI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was available, respectively, in 146 (56.4%) and 179 (69.1%) individuals with type 2 diabetes. BMI was calculated by objectively measuring height (with a Harpenden stadiometer) and weight (with a properly calibrated scale), and by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in metres. A venous blood sample was drawn in the morning after an overnight fast. Haemoglobin A1c was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography analyzer (Bio-Rad Diamat, Milan, Italy); the upper limit of normal for the laboratory was 5.8%.
Patients were classified according to BMI categories as normoweight (BMI <25 Kg/m2), overweight (25-29 Kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥30 Kg/m2). Un-satisfactory glycaemic control was considered at HbA1c ≥7% and patients were classified accordingly in two categories (satisfactory vs. sub-optimal glycaemic control).
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3

Fasting Blood Biomarker Measurement

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After a 12- to 14-hour fasting, blood samples were collected from all participants for the determination of the study parameters. Blood was drown in a 10 mL tube containing EDTA (0.15% final concentration) and in a regular 10 mL tube. After collection, plasma and serum were immediately separated at 2,500 rpm for 30 minutes at 4°C, and aliquots were stored at −80°C until analysis. Fasting plasma glucose and serum creatinine levels were measured with standard automated laboratory methods (Roche Diagnostics, Milan, Italy). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using an automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyzer (Diamat: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Milan, Italy); normal range values in our laboratory are 4–6%. Fasting insulin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (Diagnostic Corporation, LA, CA, USA).
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4

Measuring Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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Hemoglobin A1c was measured by a Diabetes Control Complications Trial (DCCT)-aligned method, with an automated high-performance liquid chromatography analyzer (Bio-Rad Diamat, Milan, Italy). Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by standard laboratory procedures (DAX 96; Bayer Diagnostics, Milan, Italy). LDL-cholesterol was calculated using Friedewald’s equation47 (link).
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5

HbA1c Measurement in Type 1 Diabetes

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HbA1c, a more appropriate indicator of overall glucose management in the type 1 diabetes population, was used instead of the LS7 metric of fasting blood glucose. Stable HbA1 was measured by ion-exchange chromatography (Isolab, Akron, OH, USA) for the first 18 months of EDC, and subsequently by automated high-performance liquid chromatography (Diamat; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The two assays were highly correlated (r=0.95). HbA1 values were converted to DCCT-aligned HbA1c values using a regression equation derived from duplicate assays [DCCT HbA1c = 0.14 + 0.83 (EDC HbA1)]. Consistent with the current ADA guidelines for glycaemic targets, the ideal range for HbA1c was <53 mmol/mol (<7%) [27 (link)], intermediate was 53–75 mmol/mol (7–8.9%) and poor was ≥75 mmol/mol (≥9%).
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6

Molecular Basis of α-Thalassemia in Southern Italy

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In a project on the molecular basis of α-thalassemia in Southern Italy, the thalassemia centers collaborating in this study selected families/single patient showing an MCV lower than 80 fL associated with normal Hb A2 and iron status. We report the results of the study on 14 carriers belonging to 6 unrelated families living in Sicilia and Puglia. Ethical approval of the protocol was obtained from the Comitato Etico Università Federico II (307/2016; 225/2019).
The hematological data (Table 1), serum iron, ferritin, and total and indirect bilirubin were obtained by standard methods in the collaborating hospitals. Hb level measurement was performed by the cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Bio-Rad, Diamat, or Variant System Hercules, CA, USA). The research activities were carried out inspired by the principles of quality, and by developing guidelines for the protocols to increase the reliability and reproducibility of the results [23 (link),24 (link)].
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7

Comprehensive Hematological Analysis

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Hematological parameters, ferritin, transferrin, serum iron, zinc protoporphyrin (Zpp), and bilirubin (total and indirect) were determined by standard methods in the collaborating hospitals. The analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) was performed by cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Bio-Rad, Diamat or Variant System Hercules, CA, USA). Heinz body formation and thermal and isopropanol Hb stability tests were performed by standard methods.
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8

Hematological Assessment Protocol

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Hematological parameters, in blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), and in serum ferritin, transferrin, and bilirubin (total and indirect) were determined by standard procedures in the collaborating hospitals.
The hemoglobin (Hb) analysis was performed via cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Bio-Rad, Diamat or Variant System Hercules, CA, USA). Heinz body formation and thermal and isopropanol Hb stability tests were performed via standard methods.
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9

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Analysis

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Total triglycerides, total cholesterol, serum glucose, white blood cell counts,
and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined on a Dimension VISTA
platform (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Eschborn, Germany). Hemoglobin A1c
concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography
(Bio-Rad Diamat, Munich, Germany).
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10

Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk

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Non-fasting blood samples were taken and serum samples were analyzed within 1 h or stored at – 80 °C. Total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were measured photometrically (Hitachi 704, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Serum triglycerides were determined enzymatically using reagents from Roche Diagnostics (Hitachi 717; Roche, Mannheim, Germany). High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was determined immunologically on a Behring Nephelometer II with commercially available reagents (Dade Behring, Eschborn, Germany). HbA1c measured in whole blood was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (Bio-Rad Diamat, Munich, Germany).
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