Absolute ethanol

Tetrabutyl titanate [Ti(OBu)₄], silver nitrate (99.8%, AgNO₃), absolute ethanol (99%), glacial acetic acid (98%), zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2-methylimidazole, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM) and chloroform were purchased from Tianjin Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd. China. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and B. subtilis (B. subtilis) were obtained from the private collection of the Biology Department, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology. All biological reagents were purchased from Ob-xing Biological Co., Ltd. China. Deionized water was used throughout the experiments except for antibacterial activity evaluation experiments when sterile water was used. All chemicals were used directly without further purification.

Neopentyl glycol (NPG) was supplied by Aladdin Chemistry Industry Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Absolute ethanol, urea, and phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄, 85 wt%) were obtained from Tianjin Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). Lyocell fabrics were got from Tiangong University (Tianjin, China). The reagents were of analytical grade and were used directly as received.