Vegetable oils, namely, peanut oil (PNO), soybean oil (SBO), corn oil (CO), flaxseed oil (FO), rapeseed oil (RSO), sunflower seed oil (SUSO), sesame seed oil (SESO), cotton seed oil (CSO), rice bran oil (RBO), pumpkin seed oil (PKSO), hemp seed oil (HSO), perilla seed oil (PLSO), peony seed oil (PNSO), safflower seed oil (SASO), grape seed oil (GSO), and seven woody oil, namely, walnut oil (WO), palm oil (PO), coconut oil (CNO), olive oil (OO), oil-tea seed oil (OSO), yellowhorn seed oil (YSO), sacha inchi oil (SIO) were obtained from local markets.
The Standards for fatty acid methyl esters, α-tocopherol, squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The solvents used for the HPLC analysis are chromatography grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals and solvents, like Folin-Ciocalteu, sodium carbonate, and potassium persulfate, were analytical grade purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).
The Standards for fatty acid methyl esters, α-tocopherol, squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The solvents used for the HPLC analysis are chromatography grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals and solvents, like Folin-Ciocalteu, sodium carbonate, and potassium persulfate, were analytical grade purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).