Flir c2

Using FLIR C2 compact thermal camera (FLIR Systems, Oregon, USA). The peripheral temperature was measured in Celsius (°C) at the toe and central temperature was measured at the medial canthus on admission, 6- and 12 h after admission. The thermal camera was placed 0.5 m from the designated areas. Scanning was conducted over a period of 10 s until the temperature reading became stable [14 (link), 15 (link)]. An independent researcher recorded the temperature. The FLIR C2 thermal camera was calibrated before use. The corresponding room temperature was recorded by the same researcher (using Foonee Digital Hygrometer Indoor Thermometer, China).
The canthal-toe temperature gradient was calculated as the difference between the medial canthus and toe temperature. The room-toe temperature gradient was calculated as the difference between room and toe temperature.
Patients were followed during their ICU course. According to their final outcome, patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors.

Leaf net photosynthesis (P_n) and stomatal conductance (G_s) were measured in six sun-exposed mature leaves from the outer part of the canopy per treatment. Measurements were made at 8:00, 10:30, 12:30, 15:30, 17:30, and 20:00 h using a portable gas exchange system (LI-6400, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) equipped with a 2 cm² chamber at CO₂ concentration of 400 µmol CO₂ mol⁻¹ air; the airflow rate inside the chamber was about 400 µmol s⁻¹ and at environmental light and temperature conditions. The chamber incorporates a quantum sensor, and the photosynthetically photon flux density (PPFD) of the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was measured at every P_n measurement. The canopy temperature (T_c) was measured at the same time and in the same trees as gas exchange with a compact thermal camera (FLIR C2, FLIR Systems, Wilsonville, OR, USA). Images were taken 1.5 m from the sunny side of the canopy and were analyzed according to Blaya-Ros et al. [25 (link)]. The difference between the canopy and air temperature (T_c-T_a) was calculated.

An infrared (IR) camera (FLiR C2, emissivity of 0.95, FLiR Systems) placed overtop (25 cm height) of a plastic tube (25 cm diameter) was used to acquire a static dorsal thermal image^{49 (link)}. IR images were taken immediately before and after exercise tests, namely at rest (Fig. 4D) and recovery (REC, Fig. 4E) periods, respectively. IR images were analyzed with FLiR Tools software (Flir, Boston).

The seawater evaporation performance was conducted using a class ABB solar simulator (94021A, Newport Corporation, USA) with an AM 1.5 G filter at an ambient temperature of 28 °C and a humidity of 40%. The BC photothermal material was attached to the commercial polystyrene (thickness of 20 mm) foam covered with a commercial cotton gauze (Tanaphar, Vietnam; thickness of 0.2–0.3 mm; mesh size of 2 mm × 2 mm), as illustrated in Fig. 4(a) (Fig. S1†). The samples were floated in a quartz beaker (4.5 mm in diameter) filled with seawater, that was taken from the Vietnam Sea. An electronic balance with a 0.01 mg resolution (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) was utilized to record the changes in the mass of water during the water-evaporation experiments. Using a thermal imaging camera (FLIR C2; FLIR Systems, Inc.; USA), IR photographs of the samples were obtained, and the surface temperature distributions were monitored. Ion concentrations of seawater and desalinated water were measured by using SW-846 test method 6010D: inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; HORIBA, Japan) and Skalar SAN++ continuous flow analysis (CFA) analyzer (Skalar, Netherlands).

Using a compact infrared (IR) camera (FLIR C2, FLIR Systems, Inc., Wilsonville, OR, USA), the fibers were tested for solar vapor generation under 1 sun (100 mW/cm²) illumination. The thermal images were recorded after the nanofibers were exposed to the simulated sunlight for 30 min to stabilize in the air between heating and cooling.

The measurements of temperature were obtained using a digital thermal imaging camera. All participants were placed sitting in the same position at 25 cm from the camera. The camera used was a FLIR® C2 that has a thermal minimal focus distance of 0.15m, comparative accuracy of 0.01°C, thermal sensitivity of <0.10°C, and a penetration of 4.5–6.5 mm (spectral range 7.5–14 µm) of the outer mucosal surface [22 (link), 23 ]. The images created are standard JPEG images in a selectable color setting (Iron, Rainbow, Rainbow HC, Gray). Using the rainbow color setting, the highest temperatures in the images are presented in red and the lowest in black. Images were downloaded to a computer using the FLIR tools + software (Version 5.13.18031.2002) for data analysis.