Lipopolysaccharides lps escherichia coli o111 b4

Mung bean seed coat was obtained from Kittitat Co., Ltd. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640 (RPMI) were obtained from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin, nonessential amino acids, and insulin human recombinant zinc were obtained from Gibco (Paisley, UK), whereas 2-deoxy-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-D-glucose (2-NBDG) was obtained from Invitrogen (Waltham, CA, USA) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), vitexin (VIT) and isovitexin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; Escherichia coli O111:B4) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemical reagents used were of analytical grade. Deionized water was used for preparing all solutions. All chemicals used in the study of SCFA and gut microbiota were of analytical or chromatographical grade, from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Sigma.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (Escherichia coli O111: B4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). An adipogenic differentiation medium of human mesenchymal stem cells was obtained from Procell Life Science &Technology Co., Ltd., (Wuhan, China). Antibodies for flow cytometry—CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD45—were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, China). Antibodies for Western blot were procured from suppliers as follows: CD9, CD81, and GAPDH were acquired from Elabscience (Wuhan, China); ALIX and HSP70 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom); Wnt5a, p65, and phosphorylated-p65 were bought from Cell Signaling Technology (United States); anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated antibody was from Absin (China); PKH67 was from Fluorescence (China); and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for TNF-α and IL-1β were obtained from Absin (China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for IL-10 were obtained from Elabscience (China).

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (Escherichia coli O111:B4) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool siRNA and single siRNA targeting mouse Ruvbl2 and Ruvbl1 were obtained from Dharmacon. For immunoblotting and ChIP assay, the following antibodies were used: mouse monoclonal anti-Reptin 52 (RUVBL2) (Santa Cruz), mouse anti-TIP49A (RUVBL1) (Abcam), mouse anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit anti-p38/MAPK (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-p-p38/MAPK (T180/Y182; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-p44/42 (ERK1/2; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-p-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2; Thr202/Tyr204 (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-SAPK/JNK (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-p-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-IκBα (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-Stat1 (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-p-Stat1(S727) (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-p-Akt (S473) (Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-LAMIN B1 (Santa Cruz), mouse anti-α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit anit-p50 (Abcam), rabbit anti-H3K4Me3 (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-H4K20me3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and rabbit anti-p50 (Cell Signaling Technology) antibodies. CB-6644 was obtained from MedChemExpress.