Bc 420ma

A Tanita BC-420MA was utilized to measure body composition and to calculate BMI. This noninvasive and validated device (Tanita BC-420MA) uses bioelectrical impedance analyses to obtain weight and body composition variables^{33 (link)}. Height was taken via a stadiometer.

Body weight was measured in light underwear in fasting state on a calibrated scale accurate to 0.1 kg (Tanita BC 420 MA Tanita Europe GmbH, Sindelfingen, Germany). A calibrated stadiometer (Seca 225 stadiometer, Birmingham, UK) was used to measure height of the children to the nearest 0.1 cm. BMI was calculated as weight [kg] divided by height [m] squared and BMI z-scores were calculated based on Cole & Lobstein (2012) [41 (link)].

Height to the nearest 0.5 cm was measured using a stadiometer with an adjustable headpiece. Body weight and body composition parameters (fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat %, and total body water) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC420 MA, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Waist circumference was measured at the midpoint between the lowest margin of the last rib and the top of the iliac crest.

Participants were weighed on an electronic scale (TANITA BC-420MA, Tanita Corporation of America, IL USA) without shoes, dressed in light clothing or underwear. Height was measured to the nearest 0.5 cm without shoes using a wall-mounted stadiometer (ADE MZ10023, ADE, Germany). Waist and hip circumference was measured to the nearest cm in erect position midway between the iliac crest and the lower costal margin and at the level of the pubic symphysis, respectively. Sagittal abdominal diameter was measured in the supine position at the high point of the iliac crest during exhalation. BMI was calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m) and body fat percentage was assessed with bioelectric impedance analysis (TANITA BC-420MA). Blood pressure was assessed in the supine position following a 5-minute rest as the average of 3 repeated measurements made by an automatic sphygmomanometer (A&D Medical, Japan).

The evening before each study visit (weeks 0, 4, and 8), participants were asked to consume a supplied, low-fat meal (< 1.5 MJ and < 7 g total fat content) with low-nitrate water (Buxton Mineral Water, Nestlé Waters, Buxton, UK) and to fast overnight for at least 12 h consuming only the low-nitrate water provided. On the morning of the study visit, researchers recorded height (to the nearest 0.1 cm), body weight (to the nearest 0.1 kg), and calculated the BMI of each participant using a wall-mounted stadiometer and a Tanita BC-418 (Reading) or Tanita BC-420MA (Surrey) digital scale (Tanita Europe). An allowance of 1 kg was included for light clothing when assessing body weight, and the digital scale was operated under the “standard body type” setting. Physical activity habits were assessed through the participants’ completion of the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and physical activity levels were classified into three categories (i.e. “Low”, “Moderate”, and “High”) using the IPAQ guidelines for categorisation [29 ].

Anthropometric measurements included body weight and body height. Height was measured to the nearest 0.5 cm using a fixed stadiometer, while the subjects wore light clothing and no shoes. Body weight was measured to 0.1 kg using a body composition analyzer. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kilogram) divided by the square of height (meter). Body composition was estimated with a single-frequency bioimpedance analyzer Tanita BC 420MA (Japan). After entering into the BIA machine subjects’ height, age and sex, the subject (in bare feet and light clothing) was instructed to stand with her legs straight, feet parallel with the heel and forefoot placed on the metal plates of the leg-to-leg BIA system. A subthreshold electrical constant current (50 kHz, 90 μA) was then transmitted through the body. On the basis of bioelectrical impedance, fat free mass (FFM) and percentage of body fat (%Fat) were determined using the manufacturer’s in-built equations derived from DXA method (Body Composition Analyzer BC-420MA).