Avanto 1.5t scanner

Manufactured by Siemens

Sourced in Germany

The Avanto 1.5T scanner is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system produced by Siemens. It is designed to perform high-quality diagnostic imaging of the human body. The Avanto 1.5T scanner utilizes a 1.5 tesla superconducting magnet to generate the magnetic field necessary for MRI imaging.

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52 protocols using avanto 1.5t scanner

Cardiac MRI Acquisition and Analysis

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At the Toronto General Hospital, CMR imaging was performed on 1.5T or 3T whole body magnets (Magnetom Avanto, Magnetom Verio, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a 32-element phased-array coil. At Tufts Medical Center, CMR imaging was performed on a Philips Gyroscan ACS-NT 1.5T scanner (Best, Netherlands) and at the Minneapolis Heart Institute on a Siemens Avanto 1.5T scanner (Erlangen, Germany). Cine steady state free precession (SSFP) images were acquired in short axis (sequential 10 mm slices from the atrioventricular ring to the apex) and 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber long axes. LV ejection fraction, ventricular volumes, ventricular mass, and maximal wall thickness were measured by standard offline analysis using customized software (QMassMR, Medis, Leiden, Netherlands).

Williams L.K., Chan R.H., Carasso S., Durand M., Misurka J., Crean A.M., Ralph-Edwards A., Gruner C., Woo A., Lesser J.R., Maron B.J., Maron M.S, & Rakowski H. (2015). Effect of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction on Left Atrial Mechanics in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. BioMed Research International, 2015, 481245.

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Multimodal Imaging for Prostate Cancer

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17 prostate cancer patients who were treated with photon radiotherapy at a single academic center were randomly selected. Image data were extracted under an IRB-approved protocol. Routine treatment-planning pelvic CT and diagnostic MR scans were acquired. CT scans were acquired on a Siemens (Erlangen, Germany) SOMATOM Definition AS with a voxel size of 0.98 mm × 0.98 mm × 2 mm. T2-weighted MRIs were acquired on Siemens Avanto 1.5T scanner with a voxel size of 1 mm × 1 mm × 2 mm. The MR and CT were acquired at different time intervals, ranging from one day to two months. During the acquisition, the patients were in supine position and knee rest was used to minimize rotation of pelvis. The MR images were aligned to the corresponding CT images using the rigid registration method in Velocity AI 3.2.1 (Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, USA). The registered MR images were then resampled to obtain the same field-of-view and voxel size as the CT images. The resampled MR and CT pairs were used as the training dataset for our deep-learning-based algorithm.

Liu Y., Lei Y., Wang Y., Shafai-Erfani G., Wang T., Tian S., Patel P., Jani A.B., McDonald M., Curran W.J., Liu T., Zhou J, & Yang X. (2019). Evaluation of a deep learning-based pelvic synthetic CT generation technique for MRI-based prostate proton treatment planning. Physics in medicine and biology, 64(20), 205022.

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MRI Heating Reduction Techniques

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Experiments were conducted primarily on a Siemens (Erlangen, Germany) Avanto 1.5 T scanner. Some experiments were conducted on a Siemens Trio 3.0 T scanner to examine the effects of Larmor frequency. A high RF duty cycle turbo spin echo (TSE) heating sequence consisting of one 90° pulse and three 150° pulses with repetition time (TR) of 643 ms was typically used to ensure sufficient heat deposition. Imaging was done with a gradient-echo (GRE) sequence with FA/TR/TE/BW = 25°/381 ms/4.8 ms/260 Hz/pixel with a matrix of 128 × 128 × 45 and a resolution of 4 mm × 4 mm × 7.5 mm. Phase maps for the temperature measurements were acquired with a single slice GRE sequence with the same acquisition parameters except that TR/TE = 13.8 ms/10 ms. The phase images resulted in negligible heating.

Hue Y.K., Guimaraes A.R., Cohen O., Nevo E., Roth A, & Ackerman J.L. (2017). Magnetic Resonance Mediated Radiofrequency Ablation. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, 37(2), 417-427.

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High-Resolution Brain Imaging Protocol

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We used the established MRI protocol (Parizkova et al., 2018 (link)) performed on a Siemens Avanto 1.5T scanner (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) with a 12-channel head coil. The 3-dimensional T1w (3D T1w) high-resolution magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence was used with the following parameters: TR/TE/TI = 2,000/3.08/1,100 ms, flip angle = 15°, 192 continuous partitions, slice thickness = 1.0 mm and in-plane resolution = 1 mm. Scans were visually inspected to ensure appropriate data quality and to exclude participants with a major brain pathology that could interfere with cognitive functioning. The 3D T1w images of high quality were available for 100 participants, including CN (n = 29), non-AD aMCI (n = 23), AD aMCI (n = 26), and mild AD dementia (n = 22). In the remaining participants (n = 22), the 3D T1w images were of low quality or unavailable. The demographic characteristics of participants with brain imaging data are presented in Supplementary Table 1.

Laczó M., Martinkovic L., Lerch O., Wiener J.M., Kalinova J., Matuskova V., Nedelska Z., Vyhnalek M., Hort J, & Laczó J. (2022). Different Profiles of Spatial Navigation Deficits In Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker-Positive Versus Biomarker-Negative Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 886778.

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Pediatric Brain MRI Acquisition Protocol

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MR images were acquired by using a Siemens Avanto 1.5T scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and a standard high-definition eight-channel surface head coil. Prior to scanning, participants received 5% chloral hydrate at a dose of 1 mL/kg via oral administration. MRI scans were obtained during sleep, with the patient in the supine position. Axial images were acquired orthogonally to the anterior-posterior commissure line in a standard fashion. Imaging protocols were as follows: multi-planar T₁-weighted spin-echo (SE) imaging (axial, repetition time (TR) 4,490 ms, echo time (TE) 7.5 ms; sagittal, TR 4,400 ms, TE 9 ms), axial T₂-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging (TR 5,570 ms, TE 117 ms), and axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging (TR 6,000 ms, TE 92 ms). Axial DWIs were acquired in the Z, Y, and X directions (TR 3,200 ms, TE 99 ms) with b values of 0 and 1,000 s/mm². ADC images were automatically processed using a standard mono-exponential fit.

Zhu M., Zhao D., Wang Y., Zhou Q., Wang S., Mo X., Yang M, & Sun Y. (2020). Multi-Slice Radiomic Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Metrics Improves Evaluation of Brain Alterations in Neonates With Congenital Heart Diseases. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 586518.

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MRNet-based ACL Injury Classification

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We obtained a publicly available dataset from Štajduhar et al. [23 (link)] consisting of 917 sagittal PD-weighted exams from a Siemens Avanto 1.5-T scanner at Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia. From radiologist reports, the authors had extracted labels for 3 levels of ACL disease: non-injured (690 exams), partially injured (172 exams), and completely ruptured (55 exams). We split the exams in a 60:20:20 ratio into training, tuning, and validation sets using stratified random sampling. We first applied MRNet without retraining on the external data, then subsequently optimized MRNet using the external training and tuning sets. The classification task was to discriminate between non-injured ACLs and injured ACLs (partially injured or completely torn).

Bien N., Rajpurkar P., Ball R.L., Irvin J., Park A., Jones E., Bereket M., Patel B.N., Yeom K.W., Shpanskaya K., Halabi S., Zucker E., Fanton G., Amanatullah D.F., Beaulieu C.F., Riley G.M., Stewart R.J., Blankenberg F.G., Larson D.B., Jones R.H., Langlotz C.P., Ng A.Y, & Lungren M.P. (2018). Deep-learning-assisted diagnosis for knee magnetic resonance imaging: Development and retrospective validation of MRNet. PLoS Medicine, 15(11), e1002699.

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Prostate Cancer MRI-TRUS Fusion for Brachytherapy

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Experiments were conducted on a dataset of 36 pairs of T2-weighted MR and TRUS images collected from 36 prostate cancer patients who have been treated with HDR brachytherapy. TRUS data were acquired with a Hitachi HI VISION with a voxel size of 0.12 × 0.12 × 2.0 mm³. The T2-weighted MR images were obtained using a Siemens Avanto 1.5 T scanner (Spin-echo sequence with a repetition time/echo time of: 1200 ms/123 ms, flip angle 150°, voxel size 1 × 1 × 1 cm³ with each slice of 256 × 256 pixels, and pixel bandwidth 651 Hz), and then resampled to the same sizes and resolutions as those of the TRUS images. Both the original MR and TRUS images were reconstructed into a 3D volume and resampled to 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm³ isotropic voxels by a third order spline interpolation. The manual prostate labels of the TRUS and MRI, represented by binary masks, were contoured by one and three radiologists, respectively, using VelocityAI 3.2.1 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). In addition, the TRUS and MR labels were resampled to 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm³.
Our proposed methods were implemented in TensorFlow with a 3D image augmentation layer from an open-source code in NiftyNet (Gibson et al 2018 ). The augmentation generated 300 times more training datasets. Each network was trained with a 12 GB NVIDIA Quadro TITAN Linux general-purpose graphic process unit.

Zeng Q., Fu Y., Tian Z., Lei Y., Zhang Y., Wang T., Mao H., Liu T., Curran W.J., Jani A.B., Patel P, & Yang X. (2020). Label-driven magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) registration using weakly supervised learning for MRI-guided prostate radiotherapy. Physics in medicine and biology, 65(13), 135002.

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Cardiac MRI Examination Protocol

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Magnetic resonance examinations of the chest were performed by Siemens Avanto 1.5T scanner (Siemens, Munich, Germany). Routine MR sequences and ECG-gated sequences were used and T1-weighted and T2-weighted and fat saturation images were acquired. The examination was performed with gadolinium contrast agent administered through a double syringe system Optistar SF (Optistar, San Francisco, CA, USA) (Figure 3a,b).

Dybowska M., Szturmowicz M., Błasińska K., Gątarek J., Augustynowicz-Kopeć E., Langfort R., Kuca P, & Tomkowski W. (2022). Large Pericardial Effusion—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options, with a Special Attention to the Role of Prolonged Pericardial Fluid Drainage. Diagnostics, 12(6), 1453.

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Multimodal MRI Brain Imaging Protocol

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Using a Siemens Avanto 1.5T scanner, the following sequences were acquired: a magnetization prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) T1 sequence (repetition time [TR] = 2,730 ms, echo time [TE] = 2.81 ms, inversion time [TI] = 1,000 ms, field of view [FoV] = 256 mm, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm); a T2-weighted turbo spin echo with variable flip angle (TSE-VFL; TR = 3,200 ms, TE = 473 ms, FoV = 256 mm, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm); a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence (TR = 9,400 ms, TE = 83 ms, TI = 2,500 ms, FoV = 250 mm, voxel size = 1.3 × 1.0 × 3.0 mm); and a DWI sequence (TR = 9,500 ms, TE = 93 ms, voxel size = 2 × 2 × 2.1 mm, b-value = 1,000 s/mm², in 64 diffusion directions) with three b0 volumes.

Abdolalizadeh A., Ohadi M.A., Ershadi A.S, & Aarabi M.H. (2023). Graph theoretical approach to brain remodeling in multiple sclerosis. Network Neuroscience, 7(1), 148-159.

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High-Resolution Brain MRI Acquisition

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High-resolution T₁-weighted structural, whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted using a Siemens Avanto 1.5 T scanner (Siemens; Malvern, Pennsylvania) at the MGH Martinos Center (Charleston, MA). Acquisition details can be found in the S1 Appendix.

Vike N.L., Bari S., Kim B.W., Katsaggelos A.K., Blood A.J, & Breiter H.C. (2024). Characterizing major depressive disorder and substance use disorder using heatmaps and variable interactions: The utility of operant behavior and brain structure relationships. PLOS ONE, 19(3), e0299528.

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