Citalopram

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Switzerland, Spain

Citalopram is a pharmaceutical product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a lab equipment used for various analytical and research purposes. The core function of Citalopram is to serve as a measurement and detection tool in laboratory settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

29 protocols using citalopram

Citalopram Exposure Aquarium Protocol

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Citalopram (98% purity) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and a stock solution was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of Citalopram in 1 l of milliQ water. No vehicle was used. The stock solution was stored under dark conditions in a refrigerator. Since the water volume of the exposure aquaria was 6 l, an initial dose of 0.9 ml stock solution was administered to each aquarium, yielding a concentration of 1.5 µg/l. When half the water was subsequently changed, 0.45 ml of stock solution was added to compensate for the amount lost.

Kellner M., Porseryd T., Porsch-Hällström I., Borg B., Roufidou C, & Olsén K.H. (2017). Developmental exposure to the SSRI citalopram causes long-lasting behavioural effects in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Ecotoxicology (London, England), 27(1), 12-22.

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Pharmacological Inhibitors for Cell Signaling

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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, Sigma P1585) was used in the concentration of 1–10 μM. Twenty millimolar of NEM (Sigma E3876) and 100 μg/ml of cycloheximide was used (Sigma C7698). MG132 is Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al, used in the concentration of 10 μM (Sigma C2211). Chloroquine diphosphate was used in the concentration of 10 μM (Sigma C6628). Protease inhibitor used was EDTA-free Halt protease inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Scientific 87785). 2-D08, a SUMOylation inhibitor III (Calbiochem 505156, EMD-Millipore) was used at the concentration of 6 μM. Transporter inhibitors in MPP⁺ uptake were included: GBR 12909 dihydrochloride (EMD-Millipore 505732), Mazindol (Sigma M2017), Desipramine hydrochloride (Sigma D3900), and Citalopram (Sigma C7861).

Cartier E., Garcia-Olivares J., Janezic E., Viana J., Moore M., Lin M.L., Caplan J.L., Torres G, & Kim Y.H. (2019). The SUMO-Conjugase Ubc9 Prevents the Degradation of the Dopamine Transporter, Enhancing Its Cell Surface Level and Dopamine Uptake. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13, 35.

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Serotonin Transporter Binding Assay in Placental Cells

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Cell culture reagents and consumables were purchased from Fisher
Scientific. Fluoxetine, GBR12935, and GBR12909 were purchased from Tocris
Bioscience. Citalopram, desipramine, and indatraline were purchased from Sigma
Aldrich. RTI-55 and RTI-229 were gifts from Dr. F. Ivy Carroll at RTI
International. [³H]5-HT was purchased from PerkinElmer and was
diluted with 10 mM unlabeled 5-HT to reduce the specific activity. Immortalized
human choriocarcinoma placental JAR cells were purchased from ATCC (ATCC
HTB-144, Manassas VA) and were maintained at 37°C, 5%
CO₂ in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 2.5 g/L glucose, 2.4
g/L HEPES, 0.11 g/L sodium pyruvate, 100 units penicillin/streptomycin, and
10% fetal bovine serum. All assays were conducted in KRH assay buffer
containing 25 mM HEPES (pH 7.4 at 37°C), 125 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1.2 mM
KH₂PO₄, 2 mM CaCl₂, 1.2 mM
MgSO₄, 6 mM glucose, 0.1 mg/mL ascorbic acid, and 0.1 mg/mL
pargyline. KRH wash buffer contained 9.6 mM HEPES (pH 7.4 at 4°C) and
154 mM NaCl. Abbreviations used within the methods are as follows: total binding
(TB), non-specific binding (NSB), maximal binding (MB; MB = TB − NSB),
specific binding (SB; SB = test compound cpm − NSB). All graphical
analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San
Diego, CA).

Decker A.M, & Blough B.E. (2018). Development of serotonin transporter reuptake inhibition assays using JAR cells. Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 92, 52-56.

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Antidepressant Effects on Cell Proliferation

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LCLs were cultured in RPMI medium and incubated with antidepressants for 21 days as described elsewhere.^{16 (link)} Fluoxetine and citalopram (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) stock solutions were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide. Proliferation rates were measured using the EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany; catalog no. C10635) as reported before.^{16 (link)} Relative proliferation rates were calculated as ratio between treated and untreated samples of the same cell lines.

Breitfeld J., Scholl C., Steffens M., Laje G, & Stingl J.C. (2017). Gene expression and proliferation biomarkers for antidepressant treatment resistance. Translational Psychiatry, 7(3), e1061-.

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Drosophila Serotonin Transporter Blockade

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Flies were maintained on a standard cornmeal and molasses-based agar media with a 12:12 hour light/dark cycle at room temperature (22–25°C).
For experiments involving drug-induced SERT blockade (Fig. 5), female flies were sorted on the day of eclosion and maintained on 1% agar + 5% sucrose + 1% blue food dye, with or without the addition of 3mM citalopram (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, PHR1640), for 4-6 days before dissection.

Bonanno S.L, & Krantz D.E. (2023). Transcriptional changes in specific subsets of Drosophila neurons following inhibition of the serotonin transporter. Research Square.

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Citalopram and AE-PG Administration

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Citalopram (Sigma-Aldrich, Mexico) was dissolved in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl), AE-PG (Nutracitrus SL, Elche, Alicante, Spain) was freshly prepared using distilled water. CIT and AE-PG were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a volume of 4 mL/kg body weight of the animals.

Vega-Rivera N.M., González-Trujano M.E., Luna-Angula A., Sánchez-Chapul L, & Estrada-Camarena E. (2023). Antidepressant-like effects of the Punica granatum and citalopram combination are associated with structural changes in dendritic spines of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1211663.

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Assessing BBB Transporter Function

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P-gp, MRP, and BCRP functionality were assessed using rhodamine 123 (Sigma), DiOC2 (3,3′-diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide) (Sigma), citalopram (Sigma), and doxorubicin (Sigma). Both channels were pretreated with 50 µM verapamil (Sigma), 10 µM MK571 (Sigma), or 1 µM Ko143, which are inhibitors of P-gp, MRPs, or BCRP, respectively. At 30 min after pre-treatment with inhibitors, rhodamine 123 (2 µM), DiOC2 (2 µM), citalopram or doxorubicin (5 µM) in the presence or absence of inhibitor was dosed to brain endothelial channel with flow rate at 100 µl h⁻¹. To monitor the barrier integrity, 100 µg ml⁻¹ of 3 kDa dextran-cascade blue (Thermo Fisher) was dosed simultaneously. We collected apical and basal effluent for 6 h and tracers in the effluents were quantified by measuring fluorescent intensity. The fluorescence was measured at 485/530 nm, 482/497 nm, or 470/585 nm to quantify rhodamine 123, DiOC2, or doxorubicin, respectively, using a Synergy H1 microplate reader (BioTek, USA). Amount of citalopram in the apical and basal media was quantified using mass spectroscopy. The increase of BBB permeability of the drugs in the presence of inhibitor was presented as ‘ratio of P_app’.

Park T.E., Mustafaoglu N., Herland A., Hasselkus R., Mannix R., FitzGerald E.A., Prantil-Baun R., Watters A., Henry O., Benz M., Sanchez H., McCrea H.J., Goumnerova L.C., Song H.W., Palecek S.P., Shusta E, & Ingber D.E. (2019). Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies. Nature Communications, 10, 2621.

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Radiolabeled Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

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Fluoxetine, paroxetine, and citalopram were purchased from Sigma and dissolved in saline. [³H]paroxetine and [³H]5-HT were purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences (New England Nuclear Corporation, Boston, MA).

Jin Z.L., Chen X.F., Ran Y.H., Li X.R., Xiong J., Zheng Y.Y., Gao N.N, & Li Y.F. (2017). Mouse strain differences in SSRI sensitivity correlate with serotonin transporter binding and function. Scientific Reports, 7, 8631.

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Neurogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (Lonza, Berkshire, UK) were cultured on collagen pre-coated plates with neurobasal media (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Glasgow, UK) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37°C for 7 days. Stem cells that have grown to 70% confluence were pretreated with 1 μmol/L dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and then were treated with citalopram (1, 5, and 10 μmol/L; Sigma) (Rahmani et al., 2013a) and/or 1 μmol/L retinoic acid (RA; Sigma). After treatment for 14 days, cells were subjected to reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry assays to determine neuronal cell markers.

Verdi J., Mortazavi-Tabatabaei S.A., Sharif S., Verdi H, & Shoae-Hassani A. (2014). Citalopram increases the differentiation efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells. Neural Regeneration Research, 9(8), 845-850.

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Chronic SSRI Treatment in Transgenic Alzheimer's Rats

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Six-month-old TgF344-AD rats were exposed to the SSRI citalopram (Sigma, Switzerland) in
the drinking water (0.3 mg/ml) during 10 consecutive weeks (n = 7).
Control animals (WT and TgF344-AD rats) were given only water
(n = 7/group). Behavioural tests (locomotion and elevated plus maze) were
performed on the last week of the citalopram/water treatment. Considering a mean water
consumption of 8–11 ml/100 g of body weight,³⁶ the estimation of citalopram consumption is around 30 mg/kg/day.
In rats, this dose delivered by drinking water has been shown to induce comparable plasma
levels to the human therapeutic range and normalize behavioural and neurochemical effects
induced in a chronic stress model.³⁷ (link)^,³⁸ (link)

Ceyzériat K., Gloria Y., Tsartsalis S., Fossey C., Cailly T., Fabis F., Millet P, & Tournier B.B. (2021). Alterations in dopamine system and in its connectivity with serotonin in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Communications, 3(2), fcab029.

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