Doxorubicin hydrochloride

Manufactured by J&K Scientific

Sourced in China

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a chemotherapeutic agent used as a component of various cancer treatment regimens. It is a red-orange crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol.

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5 protocols using doxorubicin hydrochloride

Doxorubicin and Resveratrol Combination Therapy

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Doxorubicin hydrochloride and resveratrol were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Throughout this paper, the abbreviation DXR and RES were used to refer to Doxorubicin hydrochloride and resveratrol respectively. DXR and RES were dissolved in DMSO, then diluted to the corresponding working concentrations, with the final concentration of DMSO not more than 0.1% of the culture medium. Concentrations range of doxorubicin in the study were determined from the relevant plasma level (50-200 nM) in cancer patients [35 (link)]. Finally, 200 nM was chosen as the final dosage in the following experiments.
Mouse anti-α-tubulin-FITC antibody (#F2168) was purchased Sigma-Aldrich (MA, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-γ-H2AX antibody (#NB100-2280) was purchased from Novus (CO, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-P63 antibody (#BS1279) was purchased from Bioworld (MO, USA), Rabbit polyclonal anti-active-Caspase3 antibody was purchased from Beyotime, (Shanghai, China). Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-mouse antibody were from Invitrogen (CA, USA).

Han J., Wang H., Zhang T., Chen Z., Zhao T., Lin L., Xia G, & Wang C. (2020). Resveratrol attenuates doxorubicin-induced meiotic failure through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse oocytes. Aging (Albany NY), 12(9), 7717-7728.

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Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery System

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Zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn (NO₃)₂·6H₂O, AR], 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM, AR), and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, AR) were purchased from J&K Scientific (Beijing, China). Hemoglobin from bovine blood (Hb, AR) was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (China). Lactate oxidase (LOX, ≥90 units/mg solid) and IR-780 iodide (AR) were obtained from HEOWNS Technology Co., Ltd (Tianjin, China). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was supplied by Dojindo Molecular Technologies Inc. The lactic acid assay kit was purchased from Solarbio Life Science Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Anti-mouse CD62p antibody (ab255822) was purchased from Abcam (Shanghai, China). Pimonidazole hydrochloride and corresponding mouse monoclonal antibody against pimonidazole–protein adducts (FITC-Mab1) were purchased from Hypoxyprobe Inc. (Burlington, MA, United States), and Alexa Fluor 647-labeled rabbit monoclonal HIF-1α antibody were purchased from Abcam (ab208420, Abcam, United Kingdom). All other reagents were used as received and without further purification.

Luo X., Cao J., Yu J., Dai D., Jiang W., Feng Y, & Hu Y. (2022). Regulating Acidosis and Relieving Hypoxia by Platelet Membrane-Coated Nanoparticle for Enhancing Tumor Chemotherapy. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 885105.

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Nanoparticle-based Targeted Drug Delivery

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Cetyltriethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, 98%) were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and used as received. N,N’-dimethylformamide (99.8%), β-cyclodextrin (>97%), benzimidazole (98%), tetrabutylammonium iodide (98%), Hoechst 33,342 (≥97%), triethylamine (≥ 99%) and toluene (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chloromethyltrimethoxysilane (>98%) was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Anti-HER2 aptamer (HApt, 5‘-RS-S-C₆-GCA GCG GTG TGG GGG CAG CGG TGT GGG GGC AGC GGT GTG GGG-3‘) and HER2-negative control aptamer (NCApt, 5‘-RS-S-C₆-ATT GCA CTT ACT ATA TTG CAC TTA CTA TAT TGC ACT TAC TAT-3‘) were commercially synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Shen Y., Li M., Liu T., Liu J., Xie Y., Zhang J., Xu S, & Liu H. (2019). A dual-functional HER2 aptamer-conjugated, pH-activated mesoporous silica nanocarrier-based drug delivery system provides in vitro synergistic cytotoxicity in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 4029-4044.

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Synthesis and Functionalization of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO4, AR), and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄, AR) were purchased from Shanghai Titan Company. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 99%) was purchased from Saen Chemical Technology (Shanghai) Company. (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550, 98%) was purchased from Shanghai Xushuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. N-hydroxysulfonylsuccinimide (NHS, 98%), 1-ethyl-(3-methylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl 99%), glutathione (reduced type, GSH, 98%), and cysteamine hydrochloride (Cys·HCl, 98%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Company. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCI, 98%) was purchased from J&K. Sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH₃CN, 95%) was purchased from Shanghai Jiuding Chemical Technology Company. Sodium hyaluronate (low-molecular-weight NaHA, M_W: 3000, 11 000) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biological Company. 42nt-oligomeric acid (HApt-SH, 5′-SH-GCAGCGGTGTGGGG/GCAGCGGTGTGGGG/GCAGCGGTGTGGGG-3′, AR) and Texas Red-42nt-oligomeric acid (Texas Red-HApt-SH, AR) were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Company. Ultrapure water (H₂O, 18.2 MΩ) and high purity nitrogen (N₂, high purity) were used throughout the study.

Liu Y., Chen M., Li G., Xu S, & Liu H. (2022). Construction of pH/reduction dual responsive MSN-HAgel containing HApt for tumor targeting carriers. RSC Advances, 12(30), 19063-19071.

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Biocompatible Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery

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Hyaluronic acid was purchased from Shandong Freda Biochem Co., Ltd. (Jinan, China). Protamine sulfate, biotin, and ethylenediamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Analytical grade anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were obtained from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was supplied by Amresco (Dallas, TX). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride, dimethylformamide (DMF), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS), 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) were provided by J&K Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). The antibodies of p-H₂AX, GAPDH, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were provided by CST. Detailed information on the suppliers of cells and animals are provided in the Supporting Information (SI).

Qiao L., Yuan X., Peng H., Shan G., Gao M., Yi X, & He X. (2021). Targeted delivery and stimulus-responsive release of anticancer drugs for efficient chemotherapy. Drug Delivery, 28(1), 2218-2228.

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