Copper powder, acetone, anhydrous sodium sulfate, florisil, dichloromethane and n-hexane (Fisher Scientific, USA) were used for extracting the compounds of interest. A mixture with known concentrations of 16 OCPs (4 hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) isomers: α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH; 3 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs): p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan-sulfate, aldrin, endrin, endrin-aldehyde, methoxychlor), 7 indicators of PCBs (PCB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180), 7 PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183) and the internal standard pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA) to prepare laboratory standard solutions for machine calibration and quality control. To estimate the recovery rates, 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6,6’-decachlorobiphenyl (PCB209) was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany).
Bde 28
Manufactured by AccuStandard
Sourced in United States
BDE-28 is a chemical standard used for analytical testing and quality control purposes. It is a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compound that can be utilized for the identification and quantification of this substance in environmental and industrial samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Bde 47, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Bde 100, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Bde 154, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Bde 153, by AccuStandard (2 mentions)
Bde 99, by AccuStandard (2 mentions)
Bde 209, by AccuStandard (2 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pcb 28, by AccuStandard (1 mentions)
Copper powder, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Florisil, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Chrysene, by Restek (1 mentions)
Cb 209, by AccuStandard (1 mentions)
Carbon tetrachloride, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Trichloroethylene, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using bde 28
1
Comprehensive Organochlorine Pesticide Extraction
2
Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Standard solutions of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and their metabolites, as well as of organophosphate pesticides (Ops) (see Table 1 for the list of OCs and OPs), were purchased from Restek (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Similarly, standard solutions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., chrysene, benzo(α)anthracene, benzo(β)fluoranthene, and benzo(α)pyrene) were purchased from Restek (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Mixed solutions of PCB congeners (see Table 2 for the list) and CB-209, which was used as an internal standard (IS) for PCBs and PAHs, as well as mixed solutions of PBDE congeners (BDE-28; BDE-33; BDE-47; BDE-99; BDE-100; BDE-153; and BDE-154) and fluorobromodiphenyl ether (FBDE), which was used as IS for flame retardants, were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). The standard solutions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs; see Table 3 for the list), as well as the two 13C-labeled IS of MPFNA and MPFOS, were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, USA). The QuEChERS ‘SupelTM QuE Citrate (EN) tubes for extraction and SupelTM QuE-ZSEP (EN) tubes for the clean-up step used for analyses of OCs, OPs, PCBs, PAHs, and PBDEs were purchased from Supelco (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The extraction cartridges used for PFASs analyses (Oasis WAX 3 mL, 60 mg) were provided by Waters (Milford, MA, USA).
3
Comprehensive PBDE Congener Standard Preparation
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A standard mixture of eight PBDE congeners (BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) in a mixed solution (BDEs 28, 47, 99 and 100 (0.500 mg·L−1); BDEs153, 154 and 183 (1.000 mg·L−1;); BDE 209 (2.500 mg·L−1)) and a surrogate standard MBDE-MXG (13C12-BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) in a mixed solution (500 μg·L−1) were obtained from Accustandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Chromatographic grade hexane, dichloromethane and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetic acid (17.4 mol·L−1), 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate were purchased as analytical grade solvents/reagents from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). Chlorobenzene was obtained from Macklin Biochemical Technology Co. (Shanghai, China).
The working standard solutions of each compound were re-dissolved in acetonitrile and stored at −20 °C in amber glass flasks. The standard solutions were diluted step by step with the appropriate dilution of the stock solutions in acetonitrile. All the stock solutions were maintained at 4 °C in the dark.
The working standard solutions of each compound were re-dissolved in acetonitrile and stored at −20 °C in amber glass flasks. The standard solutions were diluted step by step with the appropriate dilution of the stock solutions in acetonitrile. All the stock solutions were maintained at 4 °C in the dark.
4
Biodegradation of BaP and BDE-47 in Soil
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Solid BaP (96%), 10-deuterated pyrene (Pyr-d10), BaP-d12 (98%), BDE-47 (98%) and standard solutions of BaP, BDE-47, BDE28, BDE-17, BDE-15, BDE-7, BDE-4, BDE-3, BDE-1, PCB-141, PCB-208 (1000 µg/mL in acetone) were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Analytical pure acetone, n-hexane, dichloromethane, yeast extract, Na2HPO4·12H2O, KH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O, and NH4Cl were purchased from Beijing Tongguang Fine Chemical Company (Beijing, China).
The soil used in this study was originally collected from the surface of an agricultural land (117° E, 39° N) in Tianjin, North China. The soil belonged to fluvo-aquic soil, a subclass of alluvial new soil under the international soil classification system. The total organic carbon (TOC) and pH values of the original soil were 12.54 g/kg and 6.9, respectively. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were below the detection limits in the original soil. The soil (200 g) was spiked with BaP and BDE-47 (about 30 mg/kg for each compound) in a 280 mL glass jar and incubated aerobically with the jar mouth covered with perforated sealing film for three months. At the end of the incubation, the concentrations of BaP and BDE-47 in the soil were 10.97 and 8.28 mg/kg, respectively. The incubated soil was used as an inoculation for the BaP and BDE-47 degrading experiments.
The soil used in this study was originally collected from the surface of an agricultural land (117° E, 39° N) in Tianjin, North China. The soil belonged to fluvo-aquic soil, a subclass of alluvial new soil under the international soil classification system. The total organic carbon (TOC) and pH values of the original soil were 12.54 g/kg and 6.9, respectively. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were below the detection limits in the original soil. The soil (200 g) was spiked with BaP and BDE-47 (about 30 mg/kg for each compound) in a 280 mL glass jar and incubated aerobically with the jar mouth covered with perforated sealing film for three months. At the end of the incubation, the concentrations of BaP and BDE-47 in the soil were 10.97 and 8.28 mg/kg, respectively. The incubated soil was used as an inoculation for the BaP and BDE-47 degrading experiments.
5
Adipogenesis Protocol with PBDE Exposure
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Chemicals and reagents were obtained from the following manufacturers: DMEM/low glucose media and bovine calf serum (HyClone Laboratories, Thermo Scientific, Logan, Utah, U.S.A.); fetal bovine serum (Wisent Inc., Saint-Bruno, Quebec, Canada); human insulin (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.); 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, Ontario, Canada). PBDEs were obtained as follows: the technical mixture DE-71 was generously provided by Dr. Doug Arnold (Health Canada), from stock provided by Chemtura (Lawrenceville, Georgia, U.S.A.); DE-79 (Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario, Canada); purified BDE-47, BDE-28, BDE-100, and BDE-154 (AccuStandard Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.); purified BDE-209 (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, Ontario, Canada). Antibodies were purchased as follows: fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A); perilipin and β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, Massachusetts, U.S.A).
6
BDE Analysis: Quantification of PBDEs
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Standards of the individual target analytes, including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 as well as the internal standard, 13C-BDE-153, were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Silica gel, acetone, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were obtained from Merck Serono Co., Ltd. (Darmstadt Germany). Water was purified using a Milli-Q integral water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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