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Fluorescent labeled secondary antibody

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany

Fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies are laboratory reagents designed to detect and visualize specific target proteins in biological samples. They are composed of an antibody molecule that binds to a primary antibody, with a fluorescent dye attached. This allows for the indirect detection and localization of the target protein through fluorescence microscopy or other fluorescence-based techniques.

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31 protocols using fluorescent labeled secondary antibody

1

Immunohistochemistry Protocol for Paraffin Sections

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Immunohistochemistry was performed on 5μm paraffin sections as follows: paraffin sections were first warmed to 56°C in a vacuum incubator (Isotemp Vacuum Oven, Fisher Scientific) then washed immediately twice in xylene, gradually re-dehydrated in ethanol (100%, 95%, 70%, water), and then processed for antigen retrieval in citrate buffer (10mM pH6.0)/microwave (1000 watt, 6 minutes). Samples were then washed with PBS, blocked with 1% BSA/5% donkey-serum (1 hour, room temperature), then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies (1:200 dilutions in 0.5% BSA), washed 3 times with PBS, incubated with appropriate fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (1:1000 dilution in 0.5% BSA, Life Technologies Inc) as well as the nuclear marker DAPI (Biolegend), and slides were then mounted using Gelvatol (Sigma-Aldrich) solution prior to imaging using a Zeiss LSM 710 Confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) under appropriate filter sets.
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of ACE-1 in BEAS-2B Cells

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BEAS-2B cells were incubated with polyclonal antisera against ACE-1 (catalog ab39172; Abcam). Secondary antibodies used were appropriate fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (1:1000, Life Technologies, Inc.) as well as the nuclear marker DAPI (Biolegend). The slides were then mounted using Gelvatol (Sigma-Aldrich) solution prior to imaging using a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) under appropriate filter sets.
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3

Multimodal Immunohistochemistry Analysis

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Paraffin-embedded slides were utilized for immunostaining. Briefly, deparaffinized sections were stained with anti-ANG2, anti-F4/80 and anti-perilipin primary antibodies and incubated overnight. Then the corresponding fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) were added and finally the sections were counterstained with DAPI. The pimonidazole hypoxia probe staining was conducted according to the protocol of a commercially available kit (Hypoxyprobe-1 Plus Kit, Hypoxyprobe, Inc., Burlington, MA), followed by DAB staining. The fluorescence or histochemistry pictures were acquired with an Olympus FSX100 Microscope and analyzed by the Image Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD).
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4

Immunostaining of Paraffin-Embedded Samples

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Paraffin-embedded slides were prepared by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Histology Core for immunostaining. Briefly, deparaffinized sections were stained with anti-APP (1:200), anti-TIM23 (1:500) or anti-perilipin-1 (1:500) primary antibodies and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Then the corresponding fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were added and finally the sections were counterstained with DAPI before adding coverslips. The fluorescence images were acquired with an Olympus FSX100 Microscope.
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5

Immunostaining of Paraffin-Embedded Samples

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Paraffin-embedded slides were prepared by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Histology Core for immunostaining. Briefly, deparaffinized sections were stained with anti-APP (1:200), anti-TIM23 (1:500) or anti-perilipin-1 (1:500) primary antibodies and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Then the corresponding fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were added and finally the sections were counterstained with DAPI before adding coverslips. The fluorescence images were acquired with an Olympus FSX100 Microscope.
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6

Cochlear Immunofluorescence of Hair and Supporting Cells

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Four days after injection, mice were sacrificed and cochleae were harvested by standard protocols [1 (link), 17 (link)]. For whole-mount immunofluorescence, primary antibodies against HC (MYO7A, #25-6790, Proteus Biosciences) and SC (SOX2, #sc-17320, Santa Cruz Biotech) markers and fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) were used following a previously described protocol [1 (link)]. To quantify the proportion of GFP positive cells after Ad injection, we counted the number of GFP positive IHCs, OHCs, and SCs, which were then divided by the total number of IHCs, OHCs, and SCs, respectively, in a region spanning 200 µm in the apical, middle, or basal turn of the cochlea.
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7

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of EB Spheroids

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EB spheroids for immunofluorescence microscopy were grown on coverslips prior to the experiment (1 EB spheroid per coverslip). EBs were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min and then were washed two times with DPBS at room temperature. Fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS (PBS-T) for 5 min at room temperature. Blocking was performed with 10% FBS in 0.1% PBS-T for 30 min. For staining, cells were incubated with primary antibodies for 4 h at room temperature, washed four times with 0.1% PBS-T, and incubated for 1 h with fluorescent labeled secondary antibodies (Invitrogen). Cells were washed and mounted by VECTASHIELD (H-1200, Vector Laboratories) with DAPI (Sigma). Fluorescence was visualized on a Zeiss LSM700 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss).
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8

Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry of Neural Cell Markers

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Sections were washed with 1× (0.01 M) PBS and incubated with the primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight after 1 h blocking by 5% normal goat serum (NGS, Sigma) and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma). The sections were then incubated at room temperature for 1 h with fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) and washed with 0.01 M PBS 3 times before being observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (STELLARIS 5, Leica Corp., Wetzlar, Germany). Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed using the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-NeuN (Abcam177487, 1:500), mouse anti-Beta III Tubulin (Tuj1, MAB5564, 1:500), rat anti-Nestin (BDbiosciences, 556309, 1:500), goat anti-Foxj1 (AF3619, 1:500), mouse anti-Sox2 (Abcam79351, 1:500), mouse anti-GFAP (Abcam360, 1:500), F-actin (stain 488, Servicebio, CR2203082, 1:300), mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin (Servicebio, GB12200, 1:1000), goat anti-Sox9 (AF3075, 1:500), mouse anti-Gamma tubulin (Sigma, T6557, 1:500), rabbit anti-Arl13b (Proteintech, 17711-1-AP, 1:500), rabbit anti-Sox10 (Abcam155279, 1:500), rabbit anti-Olig2 (Abcam109186), rabbit anti-CD68 (Abcam125212, 1:500), goat anti-IBA1 (Abcam5076, 1:500), rat anti-MBP (Abcam7349, 1:500), goat anti-PDGFRA (AF307-NA, 1:50), and rat anti-BrdU (ab6326). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (Invitrogen).
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9

Antibody Characterization Protocol

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Rabbit anti–TIMP-1 polyclonal antibody (pAb) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, USA). Mouse anti–CD82 monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti–GFP mAb, anti–α-tubulin mAb, and anti–β-Actin mAb were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Stabilized Streptavidin-HRP Conjugate was obtained from Thermo Scientific. We purchased FITC-labeled phalloidin from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). We obtained horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Piscataway, USA). Fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies were purchased from Invitrogen.
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10

Diaphragm Muscle Fiber Typing

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Serial cryosections were cut from the frozen biopsies (8 μm thick). Microscope slides were rehydrated in phosphate buffer (PBS) and subsequently blocked with phosphate buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin (PBS-1%BSA). Cryosections were incubated with antibody for MyHCslow (1:100, ab11083, Abcam) and for MyHCfast (1:100, ab51263,Abcam) followed by appropriate fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies (Invitrogen). Fibers were visualized by an antibody reactive to laminin (1:100, ab11575, Abcam). Following each incubation, cryosections were washed four times for 5 min with PBS. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of diaphragm muscle fiber was determined from a sample of 25–30 fibers of each type per animal (eight animals per group). Sections were analyzed with a Leica DM6000B microscope (Leica Application Suite). CSA was calculated by ImageJ software.
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