Iopamiron

The protocol of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT is shown in Table 2. We used a 64-row CT scanner, the Light Speed VCT (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). Pre-contrast phase and 9 phases after intravenous contrast agent injection were scanned: 7 at 6-second intervals beginning at 22 seconds after injection, and 1 each at 90 and 210 seconds after injection. Scan parameters were as follows: the range was caudal 25 cm from the upper level of the diaphragm; the tube voltage was 120 kVp; the tube current was 300 mA (2 nd through 8 th , and 10 th , phases), or 500 mA (1 st and 9 th phases); the matrix was 512 x 512 pixels; the field of view was 320 x 320 mm; the size of collimation was 0.625 mm; the reconstruction thickness was 2.5 mm.
The median (interquartile range) effective dose was 48.9 mSv (48.2-48.9). A nonionic iodinated contrast agent (Iopamiron 370 mg/mL, Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany) was administered intravenously through a 22-gauge catheter in the median cubital vein. The total dose was 100 mL, and the rate of injection was 3 mL/s. This CT protocol was adopted, instead of angiography, CT during arterioportography, or CT during hepatic arteriography, for preoperative mapping of vascular anatomy and detection of small lesions.

Intravenous multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT including the whole liver was performed using a 64-row CT scanner (Light Speed VCT; GE Healthcare Japan, Tokyo, Japan) at precontrast and 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 90, and 210 s after the start of an injection of 370 mgI/mL iodine contrast agent (Iopamiron; Bayer Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan) (100 mL) at 3 mL/s through a 22-gauge catheter in the median cubital vein. Scan parameters were as follows: scan range, 25 cm caudal from the upper diaphragm; tube voltage, 120 kVp; tube current, 300 mA (22 s through 58 s, and 210 s) or 500 mA (precontrast and 90 s); matrix, 512 × 512 pixels; field of view, 320 × 320 mm; and reconstruction thickness, 2.5 mm. The median (interquartile range) effective dose was 48.9 mSv (range, 48.2-48.9). This IV-CT protocol was similar to the one described in a previous report 19 .

All patients were scanned with a 64-slice scanner (Discovery CT 750HD). A β-blocker (oral or i.v. propranolol 10-20 mg) was used if the heart rate was ≥65 beats/min. Nitroglycerin was administered to all patients before scanning. A bolus of contrast medium (iopamiron, 370 mg iodine/ml, Bayer, Tokyo, Japan) was injected into the right antecubital vein with an eration with significant restenosis (≥50% narrowing); grade 4, neointimal proliferation with severe stenosis or total occlusion (≥75% narrowing or occlusion). Two skilled observers evaluated the grades of all images while blinded to ICA and each other's data. Significant ISR was defined as grade 3 or 4.