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37 protocols using anti foxp3 pe

1

Flow Cytometry for Immune Cell Quantification

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The flow cytometry procedure for identification and quantification of circulating inflammatory and immune cells was based on our previous report [34 (link)]. Prior to sacrificing the animals, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from the tail vein using a 27# needle. PBMCs (1.0 × 106 cells) were triple-stained with FITC-anti-CD3 (BioLegend), PE-anti-CD8a (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), and PE-Cy™5 anti-CD4 (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA). To identify CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), PBMCs were triple-stained with Alexa Fluor® 488-anti-CD25 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), PE-anti-Foxp3 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), and PE-Cy™5 anti-CD4 (BD bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol for the Foxp3 Fix/Perm buffer set. The numbers of CD3+CD4+ helper T cells, CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry (FC500, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA).
Additionally, the numbers of inflammatory cells in circulation [i.e., CD11b/c, LyG6, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1], in ascites [macrophage migratory inhibitor factor (MIF), CD14, CD11b/c, LyG6, CD68/CD80, CD68/CD163], and in ABL (CD11b/c, MIF, Ly6G) were assessed using the flow cytometric method.
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2

Flow Cytometry for Inflammatory Cell Analysis

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The procedure and protocol of flow cytometry for identification and quantification of inflammatory and immune cells were based on our previous report42 (link). Briefly, prior to sacrificing the animals, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from the tail vein using a 27# needle. PBMCs (1.0 × 106 cells) were triple stained with FITC-anti-CD3 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), PE-anti-CD8a (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), and PE-Cy™5 anti-CD4 (BD Biosciences). To identify CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), PBMCs were triple stained with Alexa Fluor® 488-anti-CD25 (BioLegend), PE-anti-Foxp3 (BioLegend), and PE-Cy™5 anti-CD4 (BD Biosciences) according to the manufacturer’s protocol of Foxp3 Fix/Perm buffer set. The numbers of CD3+CD4+ helper T cells, CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry (FC500, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Additionally, the numbers of inflammatory cells (CD11b+/CD86+, CD11b+/CD206+, CD68+/CD80+, CD68+/CD163+, CD11b/c+, Ly6G+) in circulation or in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were also assessed by flow cytometry.
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3

Flow Cytometric Analysis of MSC and T-Cell Markers

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The stem cell surface markers of the MSCs were administered using flow cytometry, which was stained with a Fixable Viability Kit (Biolegend, San Diego, CA) and Mouse MSC Analysis Kit (Cyagen, Santa Clara, CA) for 30 min according to the instructions. The CFSE-labeled MSCs were harvested on the 2nd three-day cultivation and detected by flow cytometry, with additional staining using the Fixable Viability Kit. The spleen and kidney single-cell suspensions from experimental mice were first stained via fluorophore-conjugated antibodies, including BV510 Fixable Viability Kit (Biolegend, San Diego, CA), FITC anti-CD45 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA), PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-CD4 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA), APC anti-CD25 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA) for 30 min at 4 °C, follow by PE anti-Foxp3 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA), and PE/Cy7 anti-mTOR (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for 2 h at 4 °C. The CD4+T cells cultured in vitro were stained via BV510 Fixable Viability Kit, PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-CD4, and APC anti-CD25 antibodies for 30 min at 4 °C. The CD4+CD25+CD127Tregs sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) were stained via BV510 Fixable Viability Kit, PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-CD4, APC anti-CD25, and PE anti-CD127 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA) antibodies for 30 min at 4 °C.
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4

Multiparametric Analysis of Immune Cell Phenotypes

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Cells were stained with PE-Cy7 anti-F4/80, PE-Cy7 anti-CD11c, PerCP anti-CD3, PE anti-PD-L1, APC anti-CD86, FITC-CD206, PE anti-Foxp3, APC anti-CD25, and APC anti-IFNγ (BioLegend, San Diego, CA). Labile cell iron was measured using 10 μM calcein acetoxymethyl (calcein_AM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA). Lipid peroxidation was assessed by C11-BODIPY 581/591 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA), and the amount of ROS was measured by a DCFDA cellular ROS detection assay kit (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). CD4+IFNγ+ cells were detected by an intracellular staining kit (Fixation/Permeabilization Solution Kit, Franklin Lakes, NJ), and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells were measured using a Foxp3/transcription factor staining buffer set (eBioscience). All data were analyzed using FACS LSR Fortessa cytometry with BD CELL Quest Pro software.
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5

Characterizing Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells by Flow Cytometry

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Flow cytometry was performed using FACS LSR2 (BD Biosciences, CA, USA). Data were analyzed using FlowJo software (FlowJo, LLC, OR, USA). Fluorescence-conjugated monoclonal antibodies were purchased from the following sources: Human LAG-3 Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated Antibody (R&D system, MN, USA); PE/Cy7 anti-CD3, FITC anti-CD4, PE anti-CD8, FITC anti-CD45RO, FITC anti-HLA-DR, APC anti-CD25, APC/Cy7 anti-CD69, APC anti-human CD279 (PD-1), APC/Cy7 anti-human CD366 (Tim-3), and PE anti-FoxP3 (BioLegend, CA, USA). Furthermore, cells were stained with PE anti-human CD274 (B7-H1, PD-L1, BioLegend, CA, USA) to identify proportion of PD-L1 positive tumor cells in body fluid.
For Treg cell staining, cells were stained with various antibodies except FoxP3 antibody for which cells were fixed and permeabilized with eBioscience™ FoxP3 Fixation/Permeabilization solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). FoxP3 antibodies were administered after permeabilization for intracellular staining of Tregs. FACS analyses were performed for cells isolated from malignant fluid and peripheral blood. First, levels of CD4+ and CD25+ T cells in cells isolated from these two sources (malignant fluid and peripheral blood) were measured. Next, we quantified the percentage of cells that were positive for FoxP3 in the CD4 + CD25+ T cell population.
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6

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (Biolegend, 101,319). For cell surface flow cytometry, cells from spleens, thymuses and LNs were stained with specific antibodies for surface antigens as follows: PE-anti-CD4 (Biolegend, 100,408), Pacific Blue-anti-CD4 (Biolegend, 100,531), Brilliant Violet 510-anti-CD8a (Biolegend, 100,751), APC/Cy7-anti-TCRβ (Biolegend, 109,220), 7-AAD (BD Pharmingen™, 559,925), APC-anti-CD25 (Biolegend, 102,012), PerCP/Cy5.5-anti-CD44 (Biolegend, 103,032), PE/Cy7-anti-CD62L (Biolegend, 104,418), PE-anti-CD278 (ICOS) (Biolegend, 107,705), APC-anti-CD304 (Neuropilin-1, Nrp1) (Biolegend, 145,206), PE/Cy7-anti-CD279 (PD-1) (Biolegend, 109,110). For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized with Fixation/Permeabilization Kit (eBioscience, 00–5123, 00–5223), washed with Permeabilization Buffer (eBioscience, 00–8333) and stained with PE-Cy7-anti-ki67 (eBioscience, 25-5698-82), PE-anti-CTLA4 (Biolegend, 106,306), AF488-anti-Foxp3 (Thermo Scientific™, 53-5773-82), PE-anti-Foxp3 (Biolegend, 126,404). For apoptosis analysis, cells were stained with FITC-AnnexinV (Biolegend, 640,906) in AnnexinV Binding Buffer (Biolegend, 422,201). Samples were analyzed by LSRII multicolor flow cytometer (BD Biosciences CA, USA) and data analysis was performed using the FlowJo software (Tree Star, USA).
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7

Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Colitis Assay

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Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, MW 36000-50000) was obtained from MP Biomedicals (CA, USA). The myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay kit was obtained from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Occludin antibodies were obtained from Affinity (Liyang, China). FITC anti-CD4, PE anti-Foxp3, and PE anti-IL-17A antibodies were obtained from Biolegend (CA, USA). CD3e antibody, APC anti-CD25 antibody, Foxp3/transcription factor staining buffer set and IC fixation buffer were obtained from eBioscience™ (CA, USA). CD16/CD32 antibody was obtained from BD Biosciences (CA, USA). STAT3 and phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA). The QuantiCyto® Mouse TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was obtained from NeoBioscience (Shenzhen, China).
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8

Comprehensive Murine Splenic Immune Profiling

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Single splenic cell suspensions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The cells were stained with fixable viability stain 510 (BD), FITC-anti-CD4 (BD), and allophycocyanin (APC)-anti-CD25 (BioLegend), after which they were stained with APC-anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (BioLegend), phycoerythrin (PE)-cy7-anti-IL-4 (BioLegend), PE-anti-IL-17A (BioLegend), APC-anti-T-bet (BioLegend), PE-cy7-anti-RORγt (BioLegend), PE-anti-GATA3 (BioLegend), APC-cy7-anti-IL-10, and PE-anti-Foxp3 (BioLegend) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cells, and FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer was used (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA). All data were analyzed with FLOWJO V10 software.
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9

Multicolor Flow Cytometry of T-cell Subsets

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Multicolor flow cytometry was performed on fresh PBMCs and frozen LNMCs. T-cell subpopulations were determined using the different combinations of the following fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies: Pacific Blue, PE-Cy7 or Alexa-Fluor 700anti-CD3, PerCP or Alexa-Fluor 700 anti-CD4, PE anti-CD27, PE-Cy7 anti-CCR7, PE-CF594 anti-CD45RO, Alexa-Fluor 488 anti-CXCR5, Alexa-Fluor 647 anti-CCR4, PE anti-CXCR3, PE-Cy7 anti-CCR6 (Becton Dickinson Biosciences, Pont de Claix (Le), France). Vioblue anti-CD3, APC-Vio770 anti-CD4, APC-Vio770 anti-CD45RO, APC anti-CD28 (Milteniy Biotech, Paris, France). Brillant Violet 421 anti-CD279 (Biolegend, London, UK).
Intracellular staining was carried out using the FoxP3 permeabilization solution kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (eBioscience, Paris, France) together with PE Ki67, PE anti-Bcl-6 (BD Pharmingen) or PE anti-FoxP3 (Biolegend), and Alexa-Fluor 488 anti-SAMHD1 (a gift from O. Schwartz) or rabbit anti-SAMHD1 (Euromedex, Souffelweyersheim, France) followed by Alexa-Fluor 647 antirabbit antibody (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Saint Auben, France).
Dead cells were excluded using the Live/Death Vivid detection kit labeled with an aqua dye (Invitrogen). Fluorescence intensities were measured with an LSR II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson) and analyzed using FlowJo version 7.6.5 (Tree Star Inc., Ashland, Oregon, USA).
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10

Multiparametric Analysis of T-Cell Subsets

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5. -AIQ was obtained from Matrix Scientific (Columbia, SC, USA. Roswell Park Memorial Institute). RPMI 1640 medium was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies to FOXP3 (#SC-130666), Helios (#SC-390357), GATA3 (#SC-268), and IL-17A (#SC-374218) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech, (Dallas, TX, USA). GolgiStop was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Conjugated phycoerythrin (PE), fluoro-isothiocyanate (FITC), PE/Dazzle 594, allophycocyanin (APC). APC anti-CD4 (#100412), FITC anti-CD4 (#100510), APC anti-CXCR6 (#151106), FITC anti-CXCR6 (#151107), PE anti-FOXP3 (#126404), PE anti-Helios (#137206), APC anti-GATA3 (#653806), PE anti-IL-17A (#506903), PE anti-IL-9 (#514104), and APC anti-IL-10 (#505010) monoclonal antibodies, red blood cell lysis buffer, fixation buffer, and intracellular staining permeabilization buffer were all obtained from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). TRIzol reagent was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). SYBR Green and High-Capacity cDNA reverse transcription kit were purchased from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA). Primers were synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA). Nitrocellulose membranes were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Western blot chemiluminescence kit was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).
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