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6 protocols using endothelial growth supplement

1

Isolation and Characterization of Murine Vascular Cells

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Primary SMCs were isolated from rat carotid arteries according to a method described previously 33 (link) and maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, and penicillin-streptomycin. Mouse aortic ECs were isolated from C57BL/6J immorto mice as described previously using anti-CD31 conjugated magnetic beads 34 (link). ECs were grown on gelatin-coated dishes in DMEM containing 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 2 mM sodium pyruvate, 20 mM HEPES, 1% nonessential amino acids, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin, freshly added heparin at 55 U/ml (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), endothelial growth supplement 100 μg/ml (Sigma), and the murine recombinant interferon-γ (R&D, Minneapolis, MN) at 44 U/ml. The endothelial identity was confirmed by FACS analysis for CD31, VE-cadherin, and B4-lectin.
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2

Culturing Carcinoma and Glioblastoma Cells

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HEp-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells and U87MG human GBM cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (D-MEM, EuroClone S.p.A., Pero, Italy) enriched with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, EuroClone), 100 U/l mL of penicillin and 100 μg/mL of streptomycin. The cells were grown in a controlled atmosphere incubator (5% CO2, 90% humidity, temperature 37 °C). For the various steps, cells were detached with 10 mM EDTA and 0.25% trypsin in PBS, without calcium and magnesium, at pH 7.4. All treatments were performed in a microbiological safety cabinet.
For all experiments, the cells were seeded in Petri dishes or in 24-well plates, depending on the type of assay: (i) 24-well plates for all titration, inhibition, and competition experiments; (ii) 60 mm Petri dishes for western blot. Cells were seeded at a density of 2 × 104 cm2 cells. Twenty-four h after seeding, cells were treated with the An2-CNF1-H8, CNF1-H8 and wt CNF1 for different times depending on the experiment considered.
HBEC-5i cerebral microvascular endothelium cells (ATCC® CRL3245™) were grown in 1% gelatin-coated culture flasks using DMEM:F12 with FBS 10% and 40 µg/mL endothelial growth supplement (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Comparative Study of Dental and Bone Marrow MSCs

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Two mesenchymal stem cell types were used in this study namely: Primary human dental pulp MSCs (DPSCs) and primary human bone marrow derived MSCs (HMSCs). DPSCs were a gift from Dr. Songtao Shi (University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine). HMSCs used in this study were purchased from ATCC. Both types of MSCs were cultured in MEM-alpha containing 20% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Gibco) and 1% L-Glutamine (Gibco). The cells were not passaged our used beyond passage 4. For experiments that required odontogenic differentiation of the cells, growth media was supplemented with 100 μg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate and 10 mM dexamethasone.
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to generate a pro-vascular ECM. These cells were cultured in F12K medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco), heparin (Sigma) and endothelial growth supplement (Sigma) as per previously published protocols (Ravindran et al., 2004 (link)).
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4

Isolation and Characterization of Primary Trabecular Meshwork Cells

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Briefly, the TM was dissected and treated with collagenase A (4 mg/ml) in DPBS for 2 hours. The tissue was then rinsed, centrifuged at 1,500× g and the cells contained in the pellet were maintained in Medium 199 (Gibco, MD, USA), containing 20% fetal bovine serum, heparin (90 ug/ml), endothelial growth supplement (Sigma, MO, USA), and 2 mM L-glutamine. Cells were maintained at 5% CO2 and 37 °C. Before experimentation pTM were validated following published recommendations15 (link), including immunoreactivity to vimentin and absence of desmin expression and increased synthesis of myocilin upon dexamethasone treatment (see Supplemental Data).
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5

Choroid-RPE Explant Angiogenesis Assay

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Choroid-RPE was dissected from C57BL/6j male and female 3-week-old mice and sectioned into 0.5- to 1-mm pieces as we previously described (Farnoodian et al., 2015 (link)). The 10 pieces per eye were placed into 35−mm culture dish coated with 0.5 ml of Matrigel (10 mg/ml; BD Biosciences) and allowed to harden (30 min at 37oC). Endothelial cell growth medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS, 2 mmol/L L−glutamine, 2 mmol/L sodium pyruvate, 20 mmol/L HEPES, 1% non-essential amino acids, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin, 55 U/ml heparin, and endothelial growth supplement 100 μg/ml (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, United States; E2759) was then added. After 48 h, the explants were fed every other day with the appropriate vehicle, 400 μM caffeine or 10 μM istradefylline. At 8 days, the explants were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and photographed (PFA; Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, United States; 15710). The area of sprouting was quantified as previously described (Farnoodian et al., 2015 (link)).
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6

Leukocyte Adhesion Assay in Immortal Murine Endothelial Cells

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The mRECs, generated from immorto-mice as previously described [32 (link)], were grown in 24 well gelatin coated plates in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Atlanta Biologicals, Atlanta, GA), 2 mM L-glutamine, 20 mM HEPES, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 1% non-essential amino acids, 2mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin, 55 U/ml of freshly added heparin at (Sigma), 100 μg/ml of endothelial growth supplement (Sigma), and 44 units/ml of murine recombinant interferon-γ (R & D, Minneapolis, MN) at 33°C with 5% CO2. When mRECs were 80% confluent, they were treated with high glucose (HG; D-Glucose, 30 mM) or normo-osmotic control (LG, 5mM D-glucose + 25 mM L-glucose) for 1–3 days. As a positive control, mRECs were exposed to 1 μg/ml of the endotoxin Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Sigma) for 24 hours. Thereafter, leukocytes (purified from the blood as described above) from WT or 12/15-LO−/− mice were added to the mREC confluent monolayer and incubated for 90 minutes. After incubation, non-adherent leukocytes were carefully removed by gentle washing before measuring the activity of Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a specific marker for leukocytes, using Fluro MPO Myeloperoxidase Detection Kit (Catalog# MPO100-3, Cell Technology, Mountain View, CA,) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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