Magnesium oxide

The main materials used were natural starch (food grade), ethanol, n-hexane, acetic acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, citric acid, calcium chloride anhydrous, sodium hydroxide, potassium bromide (KBr), magnesium oxide (MgO), nutrient agar, and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS); all were analytically pure materials and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Sodium alginate (SA) was purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co. (Shanghai, China). BCP (bromocresol purple plate count agar) medium with 0.2% soluble starch was purchased from Beijing Wokai Biotechnology Co. (Beijing, China). Two strains, Aeromonas sobria (ATCC43979) and Shwanella putrefaciens (ATCCBAA-1097), were purchased from Shanghai Preservation Biotechnology Centre (Shanghai, China). Sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) was sourced from sweet orange essential peel. The chitosan used in this experiment was treated with 10 KGY irradiation (Hubei Irradiation Experimental Center (Beijing, China), ⁶⁰Co-ray; the irradiation dose rate was 6.25 Gy/min, and the irradiation doses were set at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 KGy.

Silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99.0%), anhydrous ethylene glycol (EG, 99.8%), ammonium persulphate (APS, 98.0%), concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 98.0%), magnesium oxide (MgO, 99.9%), boric acid (99.8%), methyl red, methylene blue, trimethylamine (TMA·H₂O, 33.0%), ammonium hydroxide (NH₃·H₂O, 25–28%), ethanol (C₂H₆O, 99.8%) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃, 99.8%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, K29-32) and aniline (C₆H₇N, 99.5%) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial, and aniline was purified by vacuum distillation. Silkworm cocoons were provided by Shanghai Natural Wild-insect Kingdom Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dry air was purchased from Jiangsu Thorpe Group Co. Ltd. (Zhenjiang, China). The morphology characteristic of composite nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-7800F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Raman spectra were collected by XploRA Plus, HORIBA. Ltd. (Longjumeau, France).

Anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous ether, potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), boric acid (H₃BO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), phenolphthalein, methyl-red dye, bromocresol green, and magnesium oxide (MgO) were acquired from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (used as an internal standard) was acquired from the Macklin Biochemical Technology Company (Shanghai, China). Paraffin hydrocarbons (C₆–C₂₃) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The distilled water used was from Watsons (Watsons Food and Beverage Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China). All the chemicals utilized in this study were analytical or chromatographic grade.

Melamine, formaldehyde, acetic acid, magnesium oxide, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Limited Corporation (Shanghai, China). 2-Dibutylamino-4,6-dimethylmercapto-1,3,5-triazine (DB) was purchased from Guangzhou Qiazhan Chemical Products Limited Corporation (Guangzhou, China). Sodium hydroxide was purchased from the Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). For the PVC (SG-5, average degree of polymerization: 1100-1000) was supplied by Xinjiang Tianye Limited Company (Xinjiang, China). Calcium-zinc stabilizer (PRJ5030G-9) was purchased from Nanjing Jinling Chemical Factory Limited Liability Company (Nanjing, China).

Nemipterus virgatus surimi, TSP, and SPI were purchased from Haixin Foods (Fuzhou, China). Sausage casings were purchased from Wuzhou Shenguan Protein Casings (Wuzhou, China). Potato starch was purchased from Zhengzhou Yuhe Food Additives (Zhengzhou, China). Lard oil was purchased from Guangzhou Meiyu Foods (Guangzhou, China). Trichloroacetic acid, magnesium oxide, boric acid solution, methyl red, methylene blue, and hydrochloric acid solution were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents (Shanghai, China). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) solution was purchased from Nanjing Yixun Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). Frozen egg whites were purchased from Shandong Huishuo Foods (Tengzhou, China). Sugar was purchased from Shanghai Deyang Food Co., Ltd. Compound phosphate was purchased from Jinan Zhuodai Biotechnology (Jinan, China). Vegetarian meat powder was purchased from Qingdao Golden Bay Marine Biological Engineering (Qingdao, China).