Spss 17.0j for windows

The anthropometric data was compared with independent-sample t-test, Welch's t-test, or Mann–Whitney U test in accordance with the normality (Shapiro–Wilk test) and homoscedasticity of the data. The appearance rates for coordination patterns and the angular velocity data between the control and hip OA groups were compared with using the same process as the anthropometric data except for the use of the Bonferroni correction. For the anthropometric data and the angular velocity data, the effect size was calculated using Cohen's d. Because the body weight and the body mass index were significantly different between the control group and the hip OA group, we also performed the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with body mass index as covariate and calculated η² as the effect size. We checked for group by body mass index interaction for each parameter, since adjustments were meaningful only if regression slopes were homogeneous. As a result, we performed ANCOVA only for the parameters for which we found no evidence of interaction, angular velocity of thigh lateral tilt, and lumbar contralateral rotation. The significance level was set at 5%. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 J for Windows (SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan).

All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 J for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and Spearman’s rank correlation (ρ) was used. A two-tailed analysis was used for all statistical tests and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered the criterion for statistical significance.

All of the results are expressed as mean ± SEM. To compare differences among salivary parameters, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test and Student’s t-test were performed. For subjective assessment and comparison of work performance between conditions, Student’s t-test was used. Statistical significance was recognized at p-values of <0.01 or <0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0J for Windows (SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan).