Icap6300 radial

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of materials were acquired on Zeiss Supra 55. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern were acquired on FEI TECNAI G^{2 (link)} at 200 keV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer at 40 mA and 40 kV using Cu Kα radiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on a Kratos Axis Supra using monochromatic Al Kalph source (150 W). Metal contents in catalysts were determined by ICP-AES on a Thermo ICAP6300 Radial.

The carbon content of the 20Cr2Ni4A steel after carburizing changes significantly, which leads to changes in material parameters, such as the phase transformation kinetic parameters, elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and other parameters. The accuracy of these parameters plays a key role in the accuracy of the numerical simulation of the quenching heat treatment of the magic detective. Therefore, the thermal expansion experiment was carried out to obtain the transformation kinetics and thermal expansion coefficients of martensite and austenite under different carbon contents.
Five samples that differed only in carbon content were smelted by an electromagnetic induction furnace, and their chemical compositions, which were tested by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer iCAP 6300 Radial (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Walthamm, MA, USA), are shown in Table 1. The samples were processed for thermal expansion experiments with different cooling rates of 17.2, 8.6, 4.3, 1.72, 0.86, 0.28, 0.14, and 0.06 °C/s by using a thermal simulation testing machine Gleeble-3500 (Dynamic Systems Inc Corporation, New York, NY, USA).