Dulbecco s modified eagle medium dmem

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), trypsin, penicillin-streptomycin, sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Procell Life Science Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Hangzhou Sijiqing Bio-Engineering Material Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China). H₂O₂ and Que were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Sterile H₂O₂ stock solution (1 × 10⁶ μM) as well as Que stock solution (20 mg/mL) was prepared in PBS and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. The final concentrations of H₂O₂ vehicle PBS and Que vehicle DMSO in fresh culture medium were no more than 5% and 0.2%. The H₂O₂ and Que stock solution were stored at −20 °C and used within 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively. Bax, Bcl-2, claudin-1, occludin, and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibodies were from Beijing Boiss Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) was purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). Penicillin–streptomycin and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Shanghai BasalMedia Technologies Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). DAB Assay Kit was obtained from ZSGB-Bio Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Hoechst 33342/PI Assay Kit was obtained from KeyGEN Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Jiangsu, China). CCK-8 Assay Kit, EDU-594 Assay Kit, JC-1 Assay Kit and BCA Protein Assay Kit and p-IRE1α rabbit pAb were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai China). Anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 antibody was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). DDIT3/CHOP rabbit mAb, Caspase-3 rabbit pAb, ATF6 rabbit pAb and BiP/GRP78 rabbit mAb were purchased from ABclonal Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). p-PERK pAb and PERK pAb were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd (MA, USA).

LO2 cells, HepG2 cells, and mouse NCTC 1469 cells were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China). Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640) medium and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) were purchased from Procell. Foetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gibco (Auckland, New Zealand). Solutions containing 0.25% trypsin–EDTA and penicillin/streptomycin (PS, 100×) were purchased from Procell. Allicin was purchased from Meilunbio (Dalian, China). ABZ and albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Allicin was prepared as 100 mg/mL stocks in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at − 20 °C for in vitro experiments.