A phantom study using agarose gels of various concentrations was performed to evaluate the correlation of T2 relaxation times between qMRI and multi-echo spin-echo CPMG T2 mapping. To simulate cartilage loss, phantoms comprised of agarose gels were prepared by boiling agarose powder at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% in 3.75 mM sodium azide solution, then cooling the solutions to room temperature. Both CPMG and qMRI T2 mapping of phantoms were acquired using a 3T MR system (Discovery 750w, GE Healthcare) with a 32-channel phased array head coil (GE Healthcare).
32 channel phased array head coil
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The 32-channel phased-array head coil is a specialized piece of lab equipment designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. It is a multi-channel radiofrequency (RF) coil that is used to transmit and receive the electromagnetic signals required for MRI data acquisition. The 32 individual channels within the coil work together to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and image quality of MRI scans, particularly those focused on the head and brain regions.
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7 protocols using 32 channel phased array head coil
1
Agarose Gel T2 Relaxation Mapping
2
High-Resolution MRI Structural Analysis
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MRI was performed with a 3 Tesla Discovery MR 750 scanner (General Electric, WI, US), equipped with a 32‐channel phased‐array head coil. A 3D fast spoiled gradient‐echo sequence was used to obtain high‐resolution anatomical T1‐weighted images. Imaging parameters were 176 sagittal slices, with slice thickness = 1 mm, TR = 8.2 msec, TE = 3.2 msec, flip angle = 12°, and field of view = 25 × 25 cm.
Subcortical brain structures were delineated with the Freesurfer 5.3. software (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu, 30 and cortical parcellation was performed according to the Desikan‐Killiany atlas.31 Voxel Edit mode in Freeview was used to correct putaminal volumes manually when necessary. The number of voxels within delineated structures represented grey‐ and white‐matter volumes. Frontal cortex volume was the sum of all frontal subregions.31 Before entered into analyses, the raw volumes were corrected for total intracranial volume (ICV; defined as the sum of volumes for grey and white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid): adjusted volume = raw volume − b(ICV – mean ICV), where b is the slope of regression of volume on ICV.32
Subcortical brain structures were delineated with the Freesurfer 5.3. software (
3
3T MRI Imaging Protocol for Brain Functional Analysis
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All MRI data sets were scanned in a 3-T MRI scanner (EXCITE, HDx, Software 14X.M5, General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a 32-channel phased array head coil in Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. Anatomical T1-weighted images were acquired using a three-dimensional (3D)-spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) sequence, generating 156 axial slices [thickness: 1 mm (no gap), TE = 3.2 ms, TR = 8.2 ms, FOV = 240 mm × 240 mm, flip angle = 12°, matrix = 256 × 256]. The fMRI data were acquired using gradient echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences. The imaging parameters were as follows: thickness = 4 mm (no gap); TE = 30 ms; TR = 2,000 ms; FOV = 240 mm × 240 mm; flip angle = 90°; and matrix = 64 × 64. Two hundred five volumes (35 slices per volume) were obtained during the 410 s of an fMRI session. To ensure steady-state longitudinal magnetization, the first 5 volumes were excluded.
4
Resting-State fMRI Network Analysis
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All subjects went through a whole-brain scan of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). fMRI data were taken on a 3 T MRI scanner (GE Signa VH/I) using a 32-channel phased-array head coil. The rs-fMRI in whole-brain used a gradient echo-planar imaging sequence (interleaved scanning order, slice number =43, TR =2,000 ms, matrix size =64×64, FOV =220×220 mm, voxel size 3.4×3.4×3.2 mm3, number of acquisitions =240). The preprocessing and analysis of fMRI data was performed using SPM12 (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm ) and the graph-theoretical network analysis was developed on the GRaph thEoreTical Network Analysis (GRETNA) (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/gretna/ ) toolbox (15 (link)). Briefly, after discarding the first 10 volumes of each fMRI run, slice timing was performed to correct the inconsistency of temporal collection. Then the data were motion-corrected, normalized to stereotactic Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space via a standard EPI template, and spatially smoothed (6×6×6 mm3 Gaussian kernel). Point-to-point head motion and mean head motion was estimated for subjects to control the motion-induced artifacts. Therefore, one patient with excessive head motion (cumulative translation or rotation >3 mm or 3°) was excluded (16 (link)).
5
Whole-Brain Imaging of Food Choice
6
Multimodal Brain Imaging Acquisition
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Brain images were acquired on an MR750 3T scanner (GE Medical Systems), equipped with a 32-channel phased-array head coil. T1-weighted 3D-SPGR images were acquired using a single-echo sequence (voxel size: 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 mm, TE = 3.20, flip angle = 12°). DWI scans were acquired with a spin-EPI T2-weighted sequence (64 slices, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 2 mm, TR = 8000 ms, TE = 84.4 ms, FoV = 25 cm, flip angle = 90°), using three repetitions, with 32 independent directions (b = 1000 s/mm2) and six b = 0 images. Functional images were acquired using a T2*-sensitive gradient echo sequence (voxel size: 2 × 2 × 4 mm, TE = 30.0 ms, TR = 2000 ms, flip angle = 80°) and contained 37 slices of 3.4-mm thickness, with a 0.5-mm gap between slices. Volume acquisition occurred in an interleaved fashion. About 330 volumes were obtained for each of the two functional runs. During acquisition of fMRI time series, heart rate and respiratory data were collected using a breathing belt and a pulse oximeter.
7
Stroke Evaluation MRI Protocol
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MRI scans were acquired at the time of clinical evaluations (24-72 hours and 1 year after stroke) by using a 3T Discovery MR 750w scanner (GE Medical System, Milwaukee, WI) with a 32-channel phasedarray head coil. The imaging protocol included a DTI sequence using dual echo-planar imaging (40 axial slices; repetition time: 15 000 ms; echo time set to minimum; slice thickness: 3.5 mm; matrix: 160×160; field of view: 24 cm 2 ; b values: 0 and 1000 s/mm 2 applied in 16 noncolinear directions; scan time: 4 minutes and 30 seconds).
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