The tested toothpastes and topical formulations and their composition as specified by the manufacturer are presented in Table 1 . Modified Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, without CaCl2 and MgCl2), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4 85 wt.% in H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl 37 wt.% in H2O), and hydrofluoric acid (HF 40 wt.% in H2O) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the solutions were prepared with ultrapure water as well as washing procedures (18.2 MΩ × cm, 25 °C, Arium pro, Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany).
Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline modified
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline Modified is a commonly used cell culture medium. It is an isotonic, phosphate-buffered saline solution that maintains the pH and osmotic balance necessary for the survival of cells in vitro.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Orthophosphoric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrofluoric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Arium pro, by Sartorius (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Glass chamber slides, by Ibidi (1 mentions)
Infinite 200 pro, by Tecan (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dmem f12 ham medium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Styrene, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Coumarin 6, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Non essential amino acids (neaa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mccoy s 5a modified medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trypsin ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
5 protocols using dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline modified
1
Toothpaste Formulation Evaluation
2
Toothpaste Abrasion and Erosion Evaluation
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The test toothpaste was Biosmalto Caries Abrasion and Erosion (lot number 101/9, expiry date 02/2022), having a nominal fluoride content of 1450 ppm, and it was provided by Curasept S.p.A., Saronno (VA), Italy. The ingredients are shown in Table 1 . Modified Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (Dulbecco’s PBS, without CaCl2 and MgCl2), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4 85 wt% in H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl 37 wt% in H2O), and hydrofluoric acid (HF 40 wt% in H2O) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Luis, MO, USA). All the solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ × cm, 25 °C, Arium© pro, Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany).
3
Cellular Uptake of Ce6-PVP Nanoparticles
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The mouse colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line MC38 and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 were maintained in D10 medium which was prepared by using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (41966029, Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% (v/v) Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, 10270-106, Gibco/Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 1% (v/v) Penicillin–Streptomycin (P4333, Sigma-Aldrich).
For the experiments, cells were incubated with Ce6-PVP [15 µM] in a cell culture incubator at standard conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) for 20 min. Cells were then washed repeatedly with Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline Modified (D8537, Sigma-Aldrich) and again kept in D10 medium until read-out.
An optical photometer (Infinite 200 Pro, Tecan Group) was used to perform an emission scan (420–840 nm) with excitation at a wavelength of 405 nm. The photometer read-out was performed in PBS in a 96-well plate. For confocal microscopy, cells were grown in glass chamber slides (80826, ibidi) and kept in colorless (phenol-red free) DMEM/HamF12 medium (D6434, Sigma) with 10% FBS during the measurement to allow for a prolonged measurement time.
For the experiments, cells were incubated with Ce6-PVP [15 µM] in a cell culture incubator at standard conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) for 20 min. Cells were then washed repeatedly with Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline Modified (D8537, Sigma-Aldrich) and again kept in D10 medium until read-out.
An optical photometer (Infinite 200 Pro, Tecan Group) was used to perform an emission scan (420–840 nm) with excitation at a wavelength of 405 nm. The photometer read-out was performed in PBS in a 96-well plate. For confocal microscopy, cells were grown in glass chamber slides (80826, ibidi) and kept in colorless (phenol-red free) DMEM/HamF12 medium (D6434, Sigma) with 10% FBS during the measurement to allow for a prolonged measurement time.
4
Murine Tumor Organoid Generation and Photosensitizer Uptake
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Murine tumor organoids were generated based on the APCmin/+ model and isolated as described previously23 (link) with minor modifications. In brief, tumors were isolated and incubated with 2 mM EDTA on ice. Tumor cells were then detached from the mesenchyme by incubation with a digestion buffer (TrypLE (1x), 2,5% FCS, Pen/Strep Amphotericin Mix 1x, Type IV Collagenase (0.025 g/50 ml), and Type II dispase (0.00625 g/50 ml) for 2 h at 37 °C. Afterwards, the sample was shaken briefly and the supernatant was passed through a 70 µm strainer and collected into a 50 ml tube. Then, centrifugation was performed at 200 g followed by an additional washing step both at 4 °C for 5 min. Tumor cells were then plated into matrigel and cultured in basal culture medium (BCM) consisting of DMEM/F12, HEPES (10 nM), GlutaMax (2 mM), and Pen/Strep Amphotericin Mix (1x). BCM was completed to complete culture medium (CCM) by adding B27 supplement (1x), Acetylcysteine (1 mM), and EGF (50 ng/ml).
For the experiments, organoids were incubated with Ce6-PVP [15 µM] in a cell culture incubator at standard conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) for 30 min. Organoids were then washed repeatedly with Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline Modified (D8537, Sigma-Aldrich) and kept in colorless (phenol-red free) DMEM/HamF12 medium (D6434, Sigma) with 10% FBS during the measurement to allow for a prolonged measurement time.
For the experiments, organoids were incubated with Ce6-PVP [15 µM] in a cell culture incubator at standard conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) for 30 min. Organoids were then washed repeatedly with Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline Modified (D8537, Sigma-Aldrich) and kept in colorless (phenol-red free) DMEM/HamF12 medium (D6434, Sigma) with 10% FBS during the measurement to allow for a prolonged measurement time.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanoparticles
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