The enzyme activities of LDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and ALT from liver and kidney tissue were determined using enzyme activity assay kits according to the manufacturer's instructions39 , 40 , 41 , 42 (Sigma‐Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands).
For gene expression, RNA was isolated from whole liver and kidney sections using TRIzol (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) using a method described in more detail in the Supplementary Material.9 Primer sets used to amplify LDHA, MCT1, and MCT4 are outlined in Table S1 . Gene expression was normalized to the mean mRNA β‐actin content and pooled cDNA from brain‐dead rats used as an internal reference. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was done according to methods described previously9 and in more detail in the Supplementary Material. Results are expressed as 2−△△CT (CT: threshold cycle).
For gene expression, RNA was isolated from whole liver and kidney sections using TRIzol (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) using a method described in more detail in the Supplementary Material.