Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

The following reagents were used for general cell culture: heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (HI-FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, TrypLE Express enzyme with phenol red (Gibco), Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) (Sigma-Aldrich). Caco-2 BBe1 cells (ATCC) were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (ATCC) supplemented with 10% HI-FBS (v/v), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10 μg/ml human transferrin (Sigma). T84 cells (ATCC) were maintained in 10% DMEM/F-12 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 5% (v/v) HI-FBS and penicillin-streptomycin. Both cell lines were maintained at 37 °C, 5% carbon dioxide in a water-saturated environment and were not used past passage number 32. The Countess automated cell counter (Life Technologies) was used for cell counting.

Barley husk ash (donated by Altia Oyj), hydrofluoric acid (HF 38–40%, Merck), ethanol (EtOH 99.5%, Altia Oyj), hydrochloric acid (HCl 37–39%, Merck), sodium chloride (NaCl, Fisher Scientific UK), undecylenic acid (Merck), chloroform (Sigma-Aldrich), and Tween 20 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH) were used in the preparation of the nanoparticles. Mannitol (Merck) was used as an excipient in the freeze-drying of the nanoparticles. Sodium acetate (NaOAc, Merck) and HPLC grade methanol (MeOH, VWR chemicals, Prolabo) were used in preparation of the mobile phase solution in HPLC analysis. Buparvaquone (BPQ) was prepared as described previously [12 (link)]. Amphotericin B (AmB), paromomycin (PMM), miltefosine (MF), medium 199, RPMI-1640, and fetal calf serum were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) was a generous gift from Albert David Ltd. (Kolkata, India). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, ATCC 30–2002) and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, GE Healthcare Life Sciences) were used in cell culture.

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and 0.5 mg/ml trypsin and 0.2 mg/ml EDTA from ATCC (Cedarlane, ON, Canada). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin were from Gibco (Burlington, ON, Canada). Oil Red O, IGEPAL CA-630, dexamethasone, insulin, 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) were from Sigma-Aldrich. Troglitazone were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin and 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine were purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). ECL kit was from Zmtech Scientifique (Montreal, QC, Canada). All other reagents unless otherwise specified were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Fisher Scientific.

Zinc acetate dihydrate was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); sodium hydroxide was purchased from Sigma Aldrich; and 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Heysham, UK). MCF-7 cells, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), penicillin/streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). The CyQuant™ MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) Cell Viability Assay was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).

Murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and human glioblastoma cells (U87MG) as well as Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) were purchased from ATCC (Wesel, Germany). Fetal calf serum (FCS) was obtained from Bio&SELL (Feucht, Germany); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 1,10-phenanthroline, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris·HCl) and manganese chloride (MnCl₂) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany); penicillin/streptomycin (pen/strep) and 0.25% Trypsin with 0.02% EDTA-solution in PBS were obtained from Gibco (Schwerte, Germany); 2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was obtained from Gerbu (Heidelberg, Germany); bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). [¹²⁵I]I-NDP (NEX352, 81.4 GBq/μmol) and [¹²⁵I]I-echistatin (NEX083, 81.4 GBq/μmol) were purchased from PerkinElmer (Rodgau, Germany). γ-counting was performed using a 2480 Wizard² gamma counter system from PerkinElmer.

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (ATCC 30-2002) and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (ATCC 30-2020) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The cell lines, including rat adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma PC12 and human brain neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y were purchased from ATCC. HT-22, mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Astrocytes were isolated from the cortices of one-day new born Sprague-Dawley rats as described previously.^{29 (link)} Briefly, removing the meninges carefully, digested the cerebral cortices with dispase, then astrocytes were recovered by a 40 μm cell strainer and plated with a density of 1 × 10⁵ cells per ml in DMEM medium.
Cell Counting Assay Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Gold Biotechnology, China. Trypan Blue Staining Solution was bought from Abcam, USA. The 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence dye was purchased from molecular probe. Total Antioxidant Capacity-Peroxyl Radical Assay Kit (Northwest Life Science Specialties, NWK-TAC01) and OxiSelect™ Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity Activity Assay kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., STA-346) were used. All the antioxidative chemical compounds were purchased from Sigma or Fluka, USA. All other chemicals and regents made in China were analytical grade.