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Ethylene glycol

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Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is commonly used in various industrial applications. It serves as an important component in the manufacture of antifreeze, coolant, and de-icing solutions. Ethylene glycol is also utilized as a solvent and as a raw material in the production of polyester fibers and resins.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (54 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (54 mentions) Glycerol, by Merck Group (42 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (38 mentions) Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (37 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (35 mentions) Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (31 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (30 mentions) Acetone, by Merck Group (28 mentions) Sucrose, by Merck Group (25 mentions) Citric acid, by Merck Group (21 mentions) Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (19 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (19 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (17 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Choline chloride, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Urea, by Merck Group (16 mentions) Sodium periodate, by Merck Group (16 mentions) Tetraethyl orthosilicate, by Merck Group (16 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (16 mentions)

580 protocols using ethylene glycol

1

Vitrification of Morphologically Normal Blastocysts

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Morphologically normal blastocysts were cryopreserved by vitrification according to a method reported by Gajda et al. (2004) . A vitrification solution containing with the cryoprotective agents DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Sigma-Aldrich) and EG (Ethylene Glycol, Sigma--Aldrich) was used. Blastocysts were incubated for 3 minutes in a pre-vitrification solution containing 7.5% DMSO (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) and 7.5% EG (Ethylene Glycol, Sigma-Aldrich), and then transferred for 1 minute to the vitrification solution composed of 18% DMSO (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) and 18% EG (Ethylene Glycol, Sigma-Aldrich). Blastocysts were stored in a liquid nitrogen tank.
Wieczorek J., Stodolak-Zych E., Okoń K., Koseniuk J., Bryła M., Jura J., Poniedziałek-Kempny K., Rajska I., Sobol K., Kotula Balak M, & Chmurska-Gasowska M. (2023). Laparoscopic embryo transfer in pigs - comparison of different variants and efficiencies of the method. Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 26(2).
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2

Vitrification and Warming of Two-Cell Embryos

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“Two-cell embryos were incubated in an equilibration solution comprising with Ham's F-10 media with 20% human serum albumin (HAS) that supplemented with 7.5% ethylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and 7.5% dimethyl sulphoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) for 5-15 min at room temperature (RT) condition. After then, they were placed into the vitrification solution containing Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulphoxide and 0.5 M sucrose (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 50-60 sec at RT. Eventually, the embryos placed on the tip of the Cryotop (Kitazato, Japan) for storage in liquid nitrogen. Warming of embryos was performed by placing the Cryotop in TS solution (1 M sucrose) for 50-60 sec at RT and then into a dilution solution (0.5 M sucrose) for 3 min. The warmed embryos were placed into a washing solution (Ham's F-10 and 20% HSA) four times" (19). They were divided into two groups. Half of the embryos were cultured to blastocysts for assessing their viability using Hoechst and PI staining. The viability rate was calculated based on the ratio of blue cells (as living cells) to the total cells. The rest of the two-cell embryos were collected for examining the expression of Zp3, E-cad, and Ctnnb1 genes using molecular techniques.
Mohammadzadeh M., Anbari F., Aghaei S., Yazd E.F., Sales Z.A., Rajabi M, & Khalili M.A. (2021). Does combination of estradiol and sesame oil improve the oocyte quality, embryo development and expressions of Zp3, E-cad, and Ctnnb1 genes in mice? An experimental study. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 19(8), 707-714.
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3

Sulfur-Integrated Ketjenblack Composite Synthesis

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All the chemicals were used as received. The S host material, integrated Ketjenblack (IKB), was prepared based on the previously reported approach.[17] In brief, Ketjenblack (KB, AkzoNobel) and citric acid (Sigma Aldrich) were mixed in water at a weight ratio of 1:1 and stirred at 60 °C for 2 h. Then ethylene glycol (Sigma Aldrich) was added into the dispersion at a ratio of ethylene glycol/citric acid = 2:1 mol mol−1 and stirred at 130 °C for 6 h. The mixture was dried overnight and calcined in a tube furnace at 800 °C for 10 h under an argon atmosphere. The obtained IKB was ground and sieved with 100‐mesh screens. To prepare the S/IKB composite, S powder (Alfa Aesar) was loaded into the pores of IKB via a melt‐impregnation process at 155 °C for 12 h. The S content in the S/IKB composite was 80 wt%.
Shi L., Anderson C.S., Mishra L., Qiao H., Canfield N., Xu Y., Wang C., Jang T., Yu Z., Feng S., Le P.M., Subramanian V.R., Wang C., Liu J., Xiao J, & Lu D. (2022). Early Failure of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries at Practical Conditions: Crosstalk between Sulfur Cathode and Lithium Anode. Advanced Science, 9(21), 2201640.
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4

Cryopreservation of Biological Samples

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Equilibrium and vitrification solutions were prepared just before use. The equilibrium solution was created by adding 20% ethylene glycol (Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Company, Saint Louis, MO, USA) plus 0.1 M sucrose (Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Company, Saint Louis, MO, USA) as a cryoprotectant to RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Company, Saint Louis, MO, USA), and the vitrification solution was made by adding ethylene glycol (40%) plus 0.1 M sucrose. The same cryoprotectant exposition protocol was used for all vitrification methods: the fragments were exposed to the equilibrium solution for 3 min at 20 °C and then to the vitrification solution for 2 min at the same temperature. After the exposure period in equilibrium and vitrification solutions, samples were vitrified using SSV [24 (link)], STW [25 (link)], or OTC [19 (link)] and stored in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) for one week (Figure 2).
de Carvalho J.V., Soares A.R., Leão D.L., Reis A.N., Santos R.R., Rodrigues A.P, & Domingues S.F. (2023). Effect of Different Vitrification Techniques on Viability and Apoptotic Index of Domestic Cat Testicular Tissue Cells. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 13(17), 2768.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum Nanostructures

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Hydrofluoric acid (48%), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), ethylene glycol, absolute ethanol, melamine, methanol (99%), sulfuric acid (98%), platinum acetylacetonate [Pt (acac)2, 97%], tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), resorcinol, formaldehyde (37%), Nafion perfluorinated resin solution (5 wt.% in aliphatic hydrocarbons and water) and ethylene glycol were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Nochromix crystals (Gordax laboratories), ammonia solution (25%, Associated Chemical Enterprises), absolute ethanol (99.6%, MK chemicals), perchloric acid (70%, Suprapur, Merck), ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm, Merck-Millipore), alumina polish (0.05 and 0.1 µm and polishing cloths, Buehler), argon gas (99.99%, Afrox), oxygen gas (99.99%, Afrox), nitrogen gas (99.99%, Afrox), were obtained and used without further purification.
Mashindi V., Mente P., Phaahlamohlaka T.N., Mpofu N., Makgae O.A., Moreno B.D., Barrett D.H., Forbes R.P., Levecque P.B., Ozoemena K.I, & Coville N.J. (2022). Platinum Nanocatalysts Supported on Defective Hollow Carbon Spheres: Oxygen Reduction Reaction Durability Studies. Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 839867.
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6

Anodization of Nitinol Foils for Cell Culture

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Nitinol foils (superelastic, pickled surface, Alfa Aesar, U.S.A.) were cut into 1 × 1 cm pieces and cleaned successively by ultrasonication in dilute micro-90 solution (Internationl Products Corporation), acetone and ethanol. These were dried under nitrogen and used as control Nitinol substrates. For the 110 and 70 nm experimental groups, they were synthesized as described in our previous study.12 (link) Anodization was carried out in a Teflon container with the cleaned Nitinol foil as the working anode and a platinum foil (Alfa Aesar, 0.1 mm thick, 1.5 × 3 cm, 99.99%) as the counter electrode. The electrolyte for the 110 nm experimental group contained 1.48 g of NH4F (Sigma-Aldrich), 490 mL of ethylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich) and 8.35 mL of Millipore water. The electrolyte for the 70 nm experimental group contained 1.4 g of NH4F (Sigma-Aldrich), 490 mL of ethylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich) and 8.35 mL of Millipore water. The voltage and anodization duration were 85 V and 4 min respectively for both experimental groups. Each substrate was thoroughly rinsed in Millipore water and ethanol after anodization and stored dry in a Petri dish at room temperature. For all cell culture experiments, the nitinol substrates were sterilized with ethanol and rinsed twice in sterile PBS before use.
Lee P.P, & Desai T.A. (2016). Nitinol-Based Nanotubular Arrays with Controlled Diameters Upregulate Human Vascular Cell ECM Production. ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2(3), 409-414.
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7

Vitrification and Rapid Warming of Tissue

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Preparation of vitrification and rapid warming solutions were performed according to Suzuki and colleagues with modifications described elsewhere7 (link), 8 (link). In brief, tissue was equilibrated in different solutions with varying concentrations of 10%, 20% and finally 35% ethylene glycol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in GMOPS+ (Vitrolife, Gothenburg, Sweden) supplemented with 10% SSS (Serum substitute supplement, Fujifilm Irvine scientific, Santa Ana, USA) for 5 min each. The solution of 35% ethylene glycol was additionally supplemented with 5% polyvinylpyrrolidon [PVP] (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 0.5 mol/L sucrose (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Subsequently, surplus solution was removed with sterile cellulose material and the tissue was fast loaded on customized metal meshes prior to immediate vertical immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Samples were rapid warmed submerging cortex strips in warming solution with decreasing sucrose gradients supplemented with 10% SSS in GMOPS+. Tissue was submerged in 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 1 min at 37 °C and equilibrated in 0.4 mol/L sucrose for 3 min. Tissue was then washed in GMOPS+ supplemented with 10% SSS for 5 min twice.
Schallmoser A., Einenkel R., Färber C., Hüren V., Emrich N., John J, & Sänger N. (2023). Comparison of angiogenic potential in vitrified vs. slow frozen human ovarian tissue. Scientific Reports, 13, 12885.
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8

Colloidal Synthesis of Metal Sulfides

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Lead (II) oxide (PbO, 99.9%), elemental sulfur (99.998%), antimony (III) acetate (99.99%), oleic acid (OAc, tech. 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), oleylamine (OAm, tech. 70%), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (NaS·9H2O 99.99%), and ethylene glycol (EG, 99.5%) were purchased from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chloroform, hexane, and ethanol were of analytical grade and obtained from various sources. All chemicals were used as received, without further purification. All syntheses were carried out using a vacuum/dry argon gas Schlenk line and argon glovebox for storing and handling air- and moisture-sensitive chemicals.
Cadavid D., Wei K., Liu Y., Zhang Y., Li M., Genç A., Berestok T., Ibáñez M., Shavel A., Nolas G.S, & Cabot A. (2021). Synthesis, Bottom up Assembly and Thermoelectric Properties of Sb-Doped PbS Nanocrystal Building Blocks. Materials, 14(4), 853.
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9

Synthesis of Multifunctional Fluorescent Nanoparticles

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 · 6H2O, >99%), anhydrous sodium acetate (NaOAc), ethylene glycol (EG), cadmium chloride (CdCl2 · 2.5H2O), tellurium dioxide (TeO2, 99.99%), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA, 99%), glucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), FA, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and N-ethyl-N-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were purchased from Aldrich (Wyoming, IL, USA). HeLa cells were supplied by Zhejiang University. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and aqueous ammonia solution (25 wt %) were analytical grade. The pure water was obtained from a Milli-Q synthesis system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
Shen M., Jia W., Lin C., Fan G., Jin Y., Chen X, & Chen G. (2014). Facile synthesis of folate-conjugated magnetic/fluorescent bifunctional microspheres. Nanoscale Research Letters, 9(1), 558.
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10

Reducing Agents and Sugar Alcohols Characterization

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Sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 98%, Aldrich), methanol (CH3OH, 99%, Aldrich), ethylene glycol (C2H6O2, 99%, Aldrich), glycerol (C3H8O3, 99%, Aldrich), erythritol (C4H10O4, 99%, Adamas), xylitol (C5H12O5, 99%, Adamas), sorbitol (C6H14O6, 99%, Adamas), mannitol (C6H14O6, 99%, Adamas) and sodium metaborate (NaB(OH)4·2H2O, 99%, Adamas) were all analytical grade and used without further purification.
Feng L., Wang C., Xu J., Fang M., Shi Y., Xie L., Zheng J, & Li X. (2020). Ionization inhibition in a polyol/water system for boosting H2 generation from NaBH4. RSC Advances, 11(1), 510-516.
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