Hydrogen peroxide h2o2

Manufactured by Merck Group

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound. It is a powerful oxidizing agent with the chemical formula H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in various laboratory applications due to its strong oxidizing properties.

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Lab products found in correlation

Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (33 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (33 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (29 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (28 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (27 mentions) Sulfuric acid h2so4, by Merck Group (26 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (22 mentions) Potassium permanganate kmno4, by Merck Group (20 mentions) Glutathione (gsh), by Merck Group (18 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (18 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (17 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (15 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (15 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Triton x 100, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (12 mentions) Nitric acid hno3, by Merck Group (12 mentions) Sodium nitrate nano3, by Merck Group (11 mentions)

560 protocols using hydrogen peroxide h2o2

Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles

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Titanium(iv) chloride (TiCl₄, 99.9%, Acros Organics), sulfur (S, 99.998%, Aldrich), Oleylamine (OLA, technical, 70%, Aldrich), Degussa P25 TiO₂ nanoparticles, toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%, Aldrich), m ethanol (anhydrous, 99.8%, Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30%, Aldrich), and ethanol (ACS grade, Aldrich) were used as received without further purification.

Zarattini M., Dun C., Isherwood L.H., Felten A., Filippi J., Gordon M.P., Zhang L., Kassem O., Song X., Zhang W., Ionescu R., Wittkopf J.A., Baidak A., Holder H., Santoro C., Lavacchi A., Urban J.J, & Casiraghi C. (2022). Synthesis of 2D anatase TiO2 with highly reactive facets by fluorine-free topochemical conversion of 1T-TiS2 nanosheets. Journal of Materials Chemistry. a, 10(26), 13884-13894.

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Synthesis of Functionalized Nanomaterials

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Methidathion pesticide (C₆H₁₁N₂O₄PS₃), hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (30% w/w), iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), copper nitrate (Cu(NO₃)·3H₂O), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), graphite, sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (98% w/w), tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (TEOS), sodium acetate anhydrous (NaAc) 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine (APTMS), ethylene glycol (EG) and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) were purchased from Aldrich chemical company. All the reagents were used without further purification. Water used in all experiments was deionized.

Maati H., Amadine O., Essamlali Y., Aboulhrouz S., jioui I., Dânoun K, & Zahouily M. (2023). Ultrasound-assisted degradation of organophosphorus pesticide methidathion using CuFe2O4@SiO2-GOCOOH as a magnetic separable sonocatalyst. RSC Advances, 13(28), 19617-19626.

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Graphite Reduction Using Plant Extract

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Graphite (99.999%, −200 mesh) was purchased from (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA). Concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, molecular weight 98.079 [98%]), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄, molecular weight 158.034 [99%]), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃, molecular weight 84.9947 [99%]), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, molecular weight 34.0147 [30 wt%]), and all other solvents were purchased from (Aldrich chemicals, St Louis, MO, USA).
P. glutinosa, a wild plant growing in the hilly regions of Al-Hair in the central part of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was collected during March 2011, which was recognized and ascertained by a plant taxonomist from the Herbarium Division, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The details of the plant and preparation of the PE are given elsewhere.38 (link) The PE solution, employed for the reduction of GRO, was made using 0.1 g of PE dissolved in 1 mL of solvent.

Khan M., Khan M., Al-Marri A.H., Al-Warthan A., Alkhathlan H.Z., Siddiqui M.R., Nayak V.L., Kamal A, & Adil S.F. (2016). Apoptosis inducing ability of silver decorated highly reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites in A549 lung cancer. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 11, 873-883.

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Fabrication of Photoanodes using FTO Substrates

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Chemically pure (>99%) ferric chloride FeCl₃∙6H₂O, zinc chloride ZnCl₂, potassium fluoride KF∙2H₂O, potassium chloride KCl, and hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (35%) were purchased from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used in the film coating fabrication without further purification. To manufacture the photoanodes, glass substrates with an electrically conductive coating of fluorine-stabilized tin dioxide (F:SnO₂, FTO) were used (Aldrich; specific resistance ≈ 7 Ω cm⁻²).

Grinberg V.A., Emets V.V., Mayorova N.A., Averin A.A, & Shiryaev A.A. (2023). Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of ZnO-Modified Hematite Films in the Reaction of Alcohol Degradation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(18), 14046.

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Biochemical Analysis of Liver Enzymes

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Indomethacin (Hovid, Nigeria), Omeprazole (Eprazole, China), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and trichloroacetic acid were products of Aldrich Chemicals; sulphuric (VI) acid (H₂SO₄) and hydrochloric acid were products of BDH Chemical Limited, Poole, England; Tris buffers, phosphoric acid and pyrogallol were products of Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis USA and ALT assay kits of Randox Laboratories, United Kingdom. Spectrophotometer (Jenway Model 6405, UV/visible), centrifuge, pH meter (Rex model pH 25), Norm-jet needles and syringes (Norm-jet Inc. Tuttlinger, Germany) and anti-coagulant tubes (Sterling products, England).

Akinlolu A.A., Kamaldeen G.O., Francis D, & Ameen M.O. (2014). Low anti-ulcerogenic potentials of essential oils and methanolic extract of Croton zambesicus leaves. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 3(3), 97-102.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Rhodamine B

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High purity rhodamine B (C₂₈H₃₁CIN₂O), oxone (KHSO₄·K₂SO₄·KHSO₅), iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl₂·6H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), graphite, sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sulfuric acid H₂SO₄ (98% w/w), potassium permanganate KMnO₄, hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (30% w/w) and C₂H₆O were purchased from Aldrich chemical company. All the reagents were used without further purification. Water used in all experiments was deionized. The molecular structure of rhodamine B is shown in Scheme 1.

Tabit R., Amadine O., Essamlali Y., Dânoun K., Rhihil A, & Zahouily M. (2018). Magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (CoFe2O4/GO) with high catalytic activity for peroxymonosulfate activation and degradation of rhodamine B. RSC Advances, 8(3), 1351-1360.

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Lysogeny Broth Stress Response in E. coli

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The components of Lysogeny Broth (LB) (Tryptone, Yeast extract and NaCl) and antibiotics for E. coli cultures are from Sigma-Aldrich (Finland). To induce stress, 30% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and 4-morpholine-methanesulfonic acid (MES) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich. To perform qPCR, cells were fixed with RNAprotect bacteria reagent (Qiagen). Tris, EDTA and lysozyme for lysis buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Total RNA extraction was done with the RNeasy RNA purification kit (Qiagen, Finland). For reverse transcription and genomic DNA removal, the Qiagen Quantitect reverse transcription kit was used. iQ SYBR Green supermix for qPCR was purchased from Biorad (Finland). Primers are from Thermoscientific and cDNA standard from qstandard. Agarose for microscopic slide gel preparation and electrophoresis, Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and anhydrotetracycline (aTc) for induction of cells are from Sigma-Aldrich. For staining DNA and RNA on gels, SYBR-Safe from Invitrogen (Finland) was used.

Muthukrishnan A.B., Martikainen A., Neeli-Venkata R, & Ribeiro A.S. (2014). In Vivo Transcription Kinetics of a Synthetic Gene Uninvolved in Stress-Response Pathways in Stressed Escherichia coli Cells. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e109005.

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Quantifying Oxidative Stress via Luminol Assay

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To determine the extent of oxidative stress, the quantities of ROS produced by the control and experimental samples were quantified by the chemiluminescent assay based on the ability of luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to interact with reactive intermediates. The samples (100 μL) were pipetted onto clear 96-well plates, carrying blank (100 μL PBS), negative control (100 μL PBS) and positive control (100 μL PBS, 12.5 μL 30% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)). Subsequently, the samples and controls were treated with 2.5 μL of luminol working solution and the resulting light signal was monitored in 15 consecutive one-minute-long cycles using the Glomax Multi+ spectro-fluoro-luminometer. The results are expressed as relative light units (RLU)/s/10⁶ spermatozoa [31 (link)].

Tvrdá E., Petrovičová M., Benko F., Ďuračka M., Galovičová L., Slanina T, & Kačániová M. (2022). Curcumin Attenuates Damage to Rooster Spermatozoa Exposed to Selected Uropathogens. Pharmaceutics, 15(1), 65.

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Azithromycin Characterization and Preparation

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AZM (purity 99.5%) was
collected from Radiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd. as a generous gift, and
the chemical and physical characteristics of AZM are summarized in Table 1. LC–MS grade
acetonitrile (ACN) and formic acid (FA) were purchased from AppliChem
GmbH, Ottoweg, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Potassium permanganate
(KMnO₄) (≥99.0%, CAS: 7722-64-7) and sulfuric acid
(H₂SO₄) (95–97%, reagent grade, CAS:
7664-93-9) were purchased from Scharlau, Spain. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) (85 wt % in H₂O, CAS: 7664-38-2)
was purchased from JANSSEN CHEMICA, Belgium. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) (98%, CAS: 64-17-5) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)
(37%, extra pure, CAS: 7647-01-0) were purchased from AppliChem, Germany.
30% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (30%, CAS: 7722-84-1)
was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultrapure deionized (DI) water (18
MΩ cm) was used in the preparation of all the aqueous solutions.

Upoma B.P., Yasmin S., Ali Shaikh M.A., Jahan T., Haque M.A., Moniruzzaman M, & Kabir M.H. (2022). A Fast Adsorption of Azithromycin on Waste-Product-Derived Graphene Oxide Induced by H-Bonding and Electrostatic Interactions. ACS Omega, 7(34), 29655-29665.

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Photocatalytic ROS Generation by TiO2

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Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) anatase P25, sodium bromide (NaBr), myeloperoxidase from human leukocytes (MPO), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 30% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and all other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise indicated. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) were purchased from (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Bedford, MA). TiO₂ and NaBr stock solutions were prepared in distilled H2O (dH2O) prior to use. We have presented the concentration of TiO₂ as mM (10mM = 800 μg/mL) to allow comparison with NaBr although the material is actually nanoparticles. We used two different buffers that were composed of 50 mM sodium phosphate at pH 7.4 and pH 5.5. All the photocatalysis experiments were carried out in 24-well plate under magnetic stirring except ROS-specific probe experiments.

Wu X., Huang Y.Y., Kushida Y., Bhayana B, & Hamblin M.R. (2016). Broad-spectrum antimicrobial photocatalysis mediated by titanium dioxide and UVA is potentiated by addition of bromide ion via formation of hypobromite. Free radical biology & medicine, 95, 74-81.

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