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107 protocols using accu check active

1

Metabolic Biomarker Profiling in Mice

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Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were determined using an automatic biochemical analyser (Hitachi Auto Analyser 7170, Japan).
Serum concentrations of insulin and FABP4 were determined by sandwich ELISA. The primary antibodies were as follows: anti‐insulin and anti‐FABP4 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The absorbance was determined at 450 nm on a microplate reader (Tecan Group AG, Männedorf, Switzerland). The level of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was detected using the Free Fatty Acid Assay Kit (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Mouse blood was dropped onto a glucose test strip (Accu‐Check Active, Roche) and measured by a glucometer (Accu‐Check Active, Roche). For the glucose tolerance test (IP‐GTT), mice were given an intraperitoneal injection (ip) of 100 mg/mL D‐glucose (2 g/kg body weight) after overnight fasting, and blood glucose concentrations were monitored. For the insulin tolerance test (IP‐ITT), mice were fasted for 4 hours before ip administration of human insulin (0.75 U/kg body weight, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), and blood glucose concentrations were monitored.
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2

Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Gliclazide Formulations

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A comparative pharmacodynamic response study of pure gliclazide, optimized gliclazide SGNCs, and placebo formulation were carried out using STZ-NA induced type-II diabetes rat model. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus of SD rats under ether anesthesia at regular intervals for 24 h at different time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h) after oral administration of pure gliclazide, optimized gliclazide loaded PLGA SGNCs and placebo formulation. Blood samples for the normal control (non-diabetic rats) and diabetes-induced SD rats were collected and blood glucose concentration was determined using glucometer (Accu-Check Active, Roche) by placing a drop of blood on the glucose strip (Accu-Check Active, Roche)62 (link),63 (link).
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3

Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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5 µl blood collected from tail vein was dropped onto a glucose test strip (Accu-Check Active; Roche) and measured by a glucometer (Accu-Check Active, Roche). For insulin tolerance test (ITT), mice were fasted for 4 h before i.p. administration of human insulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.; 0.75 U Kg−1 body weight), and tail blood glucose levels were monitored. For ITT, mouse was singly caged with blinded cage number and random orders. The 5 µl of blood was used for ELISA analysis of insulin concentration, using a mouse insulin ELISA kit (Crystal Chem).
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4

Fasting Glucose and OGTT in Rats

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Fasting blood glucose was measured in all rat groups at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of the experiment (8 weeks). Prior to each glucose measurement, rats underwent 8 h of overnight fasting 18 . All blood samples (0.1 μl) were collected from the distal end of the tail and analyzed immediately with an Accu-check Active® glucometer and the corresponding Accu-check Active® test strips (Roche, Mannheim, Germany).
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered to healthy rats at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. After 8 h overnight fast, glucose (2 g/kg) was given orally, and blood glucose levels were measured, as described above, at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after glucose loading.
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5

Measuring Adipose Tissue Glucose Uptake

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Mice were fasted for 20 hours (from 6 pm to 2 pm of next day). Intact inguinal adipose tissue was carefully dissected free of visible connective tissue, and placed immediately in ice-cold PBS for 5 minutes. WAT explants were then transferred to 37 °C prewarmed DMEM (glucose free), supplemented with 10 nM insulin for 30 minutes at 37 °C with 5% CO2. For glucose consumption measurement, WAT was then transferred to 24 wells with 1 ml DMEM supplemented with 100 nM insulin and 1,000 mg L−1 glucose per well, and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Media (50 μl) were collected for glucose measurement at 60 and 120 minutes. Glucose consumption was calculated based on the glucose concentration of media collected and measured with glucose test strip (Accu-Check Active, Roche) read by a glucometer (Accu-Check Active, Roche).The readings were calibrated based on a standard curve plotted using a gradient of known concentrations of glucose in DMEM (R2 > 0.99).
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6

Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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Five μl blood collected from tail vein was dropped onto glucose test strip (Accu-Check Active, Roche) and measured by a glucometer (Accu-Check Active, Roche). For glucose tolerance tests, mice were given intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 100 mg ml−1 D-glucose (2 g kg−1 body weight for standard diet fed, 1 g kg−1 for high fat diet fed and 0.5 g kg−1 for Lepob mice) after overnight fasting, and tail blood glucose concentrations were monitored. For insulin tolerance test, mice were fasted for 4 hours before IP administration of human insulin (Santa Cruz) (0.75 U kg−1 body weight) and tail blood glucose concentrations were monitored. For both GTT and ITT, mouse was singly caged with blinded cage number and random orders.
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7

Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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Five μl blood collected from tail vein was dropped onto glucose test strip (Accu-Check Active, Roche) and measured by a glucometer (Accu-Check Active, Roche). For glucose tolerance tests, mice were given intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 100 mg ml−1 D-glucose (2 g kg−1 body weight for standard diet fed, 1 g kg−1 for high fat diet fed and 0.5 g kg−1 for Lepob mice) after overnight fasting, and tail blood glucose concentrations were monitored. For insulin tolerance test, mice were fasted for 4 hours before IP administration of human insulin (Santa Cruz) (0.75 U kg−1 body weight) and tail blood glucose concentrations were monitored. For both GTT and ITT, mouse was singly caged with blinded cage number and random orders.
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8

Measuring Adipose Tissue Glucose Uptake

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Mice were fasted for 20 hours (from 6 pm to 2 pm of next day). Intact inguinal adipose tissue was carefully dissected free of visible connective tissue, and placed immediately in ice-cold PBS for 5 minutes. WAT explants were then transferred to 37 °C prewarmed DMEM (glucose free), supplemented with 10 nM insulin for 30 minutes at 37 °C with 5% CO2. For glucose consumption measurement, WAT was then transferred to 24 wells with 1 ml DMEM supplemented with 100 nM insulin and 1,000 mg L−1 glucose per well, and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Media (50 μl) were collected for glucose measurement at 60 and 120 minutes. Glucose consumption was calculated based on the glucose concentration of media collected and measured with glucose test strip (Accu-Check Active, Roche) read by a glucometer (Accu-Check Active, Roche).The readings were calibrated based on a standard curve plotted using a gradient of known concentrations of glucose in DMEM (R2 > 0.99).
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9

Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Protocol

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Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, as previously described by Di Paola et al. [93 (link)]. We confirmed a diabetic condition by evaluating glucose levels at 15 and 60 days through a blood glucose meter (Table 1) (Accu-Check Active®; Roche Diagnostic, Milan, Italy).
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10

Tear and Blood Glucose Measurement

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To measure the concentration of TG, a glucose colorimetric/fluorometric assay kit (MAK263; Sigma‐Aldrich Corp., St Louis, MO, USA) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Three microliters of tear sample were added to each well of a 96‐well plate, and all samples were run in duplicate. Absorbance was detected at 570 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer (Epoch microplate spectrophotometer; BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA). A commercially available portable glucometer (Accu‐Check® Active; Roche Diagnostic Inc., Korea) was used to measure the concentration of BG from whole blood directly after sample collection.
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