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8 protocols using cenpf

1

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Total proteins were extracted using 100 μl of lysis buffer containing RIPA (99 μl) and protease inhibitor cocktail (1 μl). The proteins (about 50 μg) were resolved by 10% SDS‐poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore). Then primary antibodies including Vimentin (ab8978, 1:1000), E‐cadherin (ab1416, 1:500), N‐cadherin (ab76011, 1:5000), CENPF (ab5, 1:500) and β‐actin (ab6276, 1:1000) (Abcam) were applied to probe with the membranes all night at 4°C. After the secondary incubation at 37°C for 2 h, the ECL detection reagent (Beyotime) was employed for the detection of protein bands.
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2

Comprehensive Protein Expression Analysis

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Total cell lysates were collected by RIPA buffer containing commercial protease inhibitors. 30 μg of protein was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. The membrane was blocked in 5% nonfat milk at room temperature for 1 h, followed by incubation with primary antibody prepared in 1 × PBST (PBS with 0.25% Tween 20) (COUP-TFII, 1:1000, PP-H7147-00, R&D systems; CENPF, 1:2000, Ab5, Abcam; FOXM1, 1:2000, #5436, Cell Signaling Technology; E-cadherin, 1:2000, #3195, Cell Signaling Technology; Vimentin, 1:2000, #5741 Cell Signaling Technology; GR, 1:2000, #12041, Cell Signaling Technology and AR, 1:2000, sc-816, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.) at 4 °C overnight. Signals were developed using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (PerkinElmer). For IHC staining, AR (1:1,000) antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc (sc-816) and GFP (1:1,000) antibody was purchased from ThermoFisher (A11122). Uncropped scans of blots are shown in Supplementary Figs 15–17.
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3

Antibody-based Analysis of DNA Damage Repair

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Antibodies against the following proteins were used for immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting (WB): γH2AX (05–636 JBW301; Upstate Biotechnology), CENPF (ab5; Abcam), RPA (NA-18, Ab-2; Calbiochem for IF, LS-C38952; LifeSpan BioSciences for WB), pRPA S4/8 (A300-245A; Bethyl Laboratories), pDNA-PKcs S2056 (ab18192), DNA-PKcs (12311; Cell Signaling), Ku80 (2180 (C48E7); Cell Signaling), pKAP-1 S824 (A300-767A; Bethyl Laboratories), KAP-1 (ab3831; Abcam), MRE11 (12D7, GTX70212; GeneTex), NBS1 (PC269, Ab-1; Oncogene), RAD50 (3427; Cell Signaling), pATM S1981 (2152–1; Epitomics), ATM (GTX70103 2C1; GeneTex), CtIP (A300-488A; Bethyl Laboratories), and β-tubulin (ab21058; Abcam). Ku70, XLF, XRCC4, and Ligase IV antibodies were kind gifts from Dr. Penny Jeggo. Immunoblotting was performed as described previously [17 (link)].
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4

Comprehensive Mitotic Spindle Protein Analysis

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The following antibodies were commercially purchased and used at the indicated dilutions for immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoblotting (IB); Actin (I-19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, IB; 1/2000), α-tubulin (B-5-1-2, Sigma, IF; 1/1000), BubR1 (Bethyl Laboratories, IF; 1/500), CENP-E (Sigma, IF; 1/500, IB; 1/2000), CENP-F (Abcam, IF; 1/1000), CLIP170 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, IF; 1/500), dynein intermediate chain (DIC, Sigma, IF; 1/500), Hec1 (9G3, Abcam, IF; 1/1000, IB; 1/2000), Kid (Cytoskeleton Inc., IB: 1/1000), KNL1 (Novus Biologicals, IF; 1/500), Mad2 (Novus Biologicals, IF; 1/500), Nde1 (Protein Tech Group, IF; 1/500), Ska1 (Abcam, IF; 1/500), Spindly (Bethyl Laboratories, IF; 1/500, IB; 1/2000), Zwint-1 (Bethyl Laboratories, IF; 1/500), Zw10 (Cosmo Bio, IF; 1/200, IB; 1/2000), pericentrin (Abcam, IF; 1/500).
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5

Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation Assay

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Whole protein extracts were obtained by lysing cells in TNN buffer (50mM Tris (pH 7.5), 120mM NaCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.5% NP40, 10mM Na4P2O7, 2mM Na3VO4, 100mM NaF, 1mM PMSF, 1mM DTT, 10mM β-glycerophosphate, protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma)). Protein lysates or purified protein were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a PVDF-membrane and detected by immunoblotting with the first and secondary antibodies: β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-47778) 1:5000, B-MYB (clone LX015.1, [42 (link)] 1:5, anti-HA.11 (Covance, MMA-101P) 1:1000, anti-FLAG M2 (Sigma, F3165) 1:5000, anti-His (Sigma, H1029) 1:2000, Vinculin (Sigma, V9131) 1:10000, TOP2A (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-365916) 1:1000, CDC20 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-5296) 1:500, YAP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-10199) 1:1000, p-YAP(S127A) (Cell Signaling Technology, 4911) 1:1000, LIN9 (Bethyl, A300-BL2981), NUSAP1 (Geert Carmeliet) 1:1000, CENPF (Abcam, ab-5) 1:1000, anti-mouse-HRP (GE healthcare, NXA931) 1:5000 and HRP Protein A (BD Biosciences, 610438) 1:5000. For immunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged proteins, protein G dynabeads (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were first coupled with 1 μg FLAG-antibody (Sigma, F3165) and then immunoprecipitated with 1mg whole cell lysate. After five times of washing with TNN, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected by immunoblotting using the desired antibodies.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Total protein extracted from collected specimens (0.5 g per sample) was cut into small sections and homogenized in RIPA lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Beyotime). After centrifugation at 13,000 × g, at 4°C for 20 min, the supernatant was recovered.
After separation by 6% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), proteins were electroblotted onto nitrocellulose membranes (Millipore) and subjected to western blot analysis, then incubated with primary antibodies, CENPF (rabbit polyclonal, 1:1,000 dilution, ab5), FOXM1 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:1,000dilution, ab226928) (both from Abcam) and GAPDH (rabbit monoclonal, 1:1,000dilution, no. 5174; Cell Signaling Technology), and membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled secondary antibody (goat anti rabbit, 1:1,000 dilution, A0208; Beyotime). The immunoreactive signal was detected by the enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Millipore). Quantification of band intensity was analyzed with ImageJ software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/), and normalized to the intensity of GAPDH.
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7

Antibody-Based Imaging and Immunoblotting

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The primary antibodies used were as follows: γH2AX (Upstate Technology; 05-636) at 1:800 for IF, RPA (Merck Millipore; LS-C38952) at 1:100 for IF, RAD51 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; SC-8349) at 1:200 and CENP-F (Abcam; ab108483) for IF, INO80 (Abcam; ab118787, and Bethyl; A303-371A) at 1:2,000 for WB, H2A.Z (Cell Signaling Technology; 2718S) at 1:1,000 for WB, ANP32E (Sigma-Aldrich; SAB2100124) at 1:1,000 for WB, KAP1 (Abcam; ab22553) at 1:1,000 for WB and KU80 (Abcam; ab33242) at 1:1,000 for WB.
The secondary antibodies used were as follows: FITC (Sigma-Aldrich; F0257) at 1:100 for IF, Cy3 (Sigma-Aldrich; C2306) at 1:200 for IF, AlexaFluor 488 (Invitrogen; A21206) at 1:400 for IF, Goat Anti-Rabbit Immunoglobulin/HRP (Dako; P0449) at 1:2,000 for WB, Rabbit Anti-Mouse Immunoglobulins/HRP (Dako; P044801-2) at 1:2,000 for WB.
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8

Immunofluorescence Staining of DNA Damage Markers

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Cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton-X 100. To prevent non-specific antibody binding, slides were blocked with 1% BSA. Cells were incubated with primary antibody at room temperature for one hour (phospho-histone H2A.X (1:10000, Millipore #05–636); RAD51(1:1000, Abcam); CENPF (1:500, Abcam #5) diluted in 1% BSA. After incubation with secondary antibody (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, UK) the nuclei were stained 100 ng/µL DAPI. Coverslips were mounted with Mowiol 4–88 (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). Cells were imaged with a Leica DMI6000 inverted epifluorescence microscope with 100x lens and Photometrics Prime 95B sCMOS camera or a Leica SPE single channel confocal laser scanning microscope with 40x lens and Leica DFC365FX monochrome digital camera.
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