Optison

Manufactured by GE Healthcare

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Optison is a contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging procedures. It is composed of microspheres filled with perflutren, a fluorinated gas. Optison enhances the visualization of blood flow and cardiac structures during echocardiography, a type of ultrasound imaging of the heart.

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Lab products found in correlation

Xl2020, by Bioventus (3 mentions) Multisizer 3, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions) Sonazoid, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Ge vivid e9, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Ie33 ultrasound, by Philips (1 mentions) Afg3022b, by Tektronix (1 mentions) Sonovue, by Bracco (1 mentions) Nacl 9 mg, by B. Braun (1 mentions) Vivid s70, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)

29 protocols using optison

Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery Protocol

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Animals were anesthetized with a gas mixture of oxygen and 1.5–3.0% isoflurane for procedure preparation, blood sampling and treatment period (15 minutes total) while a warming bed maintained body temperature at 37°C.
Infusions were made via a lateral tail vein. In all injections, 1ml of acoustic microspheres (Optison™, GE Healthcare, Princeton, New Jersey) and 1ml of pDNA (8mg in 1mL) were mixed gently within the injection syringe for 30 seconds. The 2ml total infusion volume was administered over approximately 100 seconds and contained 5.0 – 8.0 × 10⁸ microspheres. During the peripheral infusion of the pDNA/microsphere mixture, ultrasound imaging of the liver was performed and was used to confirm contrast perfusion of the vasculature. Following treatment, blood specimens were collected at set time points. For each blood collection, rats were anesthetized.

Castle J.W., Kent K.P., Fan Y., Wallace K.D., Davis C.E., Roberts J.C., Marino M.E., Thomenius K.E., Lim H.W., Coles E., Davidson M.H., Feinstein S.B, & DeMaria A. (2015). Therapeutic Ultrasound: Increased HDL-Cholesterol Following Infusions of Acoustic Microspheres and Apolipoprotein A-I Plasmids. Atherosclerosis, 241(1), 92-99.

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Microbubble Formulation and Characterization

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MBs used in the current study have a formulation similar to Optison (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). A 1% solution of serum albumin in saline was sonicated (20 kHz, 30 s) with an ultrasound disintegrator (XL2020; Misonix, Farmingdale, NY) with an extended 1/2-in. titanium probe. The flask containing the solution had its headspace filled with octofluoropropane gas prior to sonication. MBs were sized and counted using a Coulter counter (Multisizer 3, Beckman Coulter, Fullterton, CA).

Mead B.P., Kim N., Miller G.W., Hodges D., Mastorakos P., Klibanov A.L., Mandell J.W., Hirsh J., Suk J.S., Hanes J, & Price R.J. (2017). Novel Focused Ultrasound Gene Therapy Approach Noninvasively Restores Dopaminergic Neuron Function in a Rat Parkinson’s Disease Model. Nano letters, 17(6), 3533-3542.

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Cardiac Contrast Imaging with Optison

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A GE Vivid E9 echocardiography system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) was used, and a 4VD ultrasound transducer was securely placed at the bottom of the Plexiglas container (Fig. 2A). 1 ml of the contrast agent, Optison (GE Healthcare Inc., Princeton, NJ) was injected from the upper stream of the LV, and then, 3 cardiac cycles were stored while the whole LV was appropriately enhanced by the contrast agent (Fig. 9).

Morisawa D., Falahatpisheh A., Avenatti E., Little S.H, & Kheradvar A. (2018). Intraventricular Vortex Interaction between Transmitral Flow and Paravalvular Leak. Scientific Reports, 8, 15657.

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Airway Device Evaluation Using Ultrasound

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Sheridan # 8 ETT, size 4 LMA Unique (uLMA) and LMA Supreme (sLMA) (LMA North America, Inc.) were:

immersed in a water bath or embedded in gelatin;

placed in the trachea or supraglottic space of pig laryngotracheal specimens;

inserted into the trachea and the upper airway of nonembalmed cadavers.

The BK Medical Flex Focus 400 ultrasound system with 5 MHz curved and 18 MHz linear probes was used for scanning. Pneumatic cuffs of ETTs and LMAs were filled with:

air;

saline;

saline with contrast agents such as sonicated albumin or Optison™ (GE Healthcare).

Wojtczak J.A, & Cattano D. (2014). Laryngo-tracheal ultrasonography to confirm correct endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway placement. Journal of Ultrasonography, 14(59), 362-366.

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CEUS in Pediatric Solid Tumors

Cited 3 times

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Patients with solid malignancies who were enrolled on one of four institutional protocols between June 2003 and January 2013 were eligible candidates for CEUS examinations. The protocols included OPTUS [30 (link)], a safety and efficacy study of Optison (perflutren protein-type A microspheres, GE Healthcare) ultrasound contrast agent in children with solid abdominal and pelvic malignancies, and three therapeutic trials: NB05, a single-arm phase II study of gefitinib and irinotecan in children with high-risk neuroblastoma [32 (link)]; ANGIO1, a phase I study of bevacizumab and sorafenib combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with refractory solid tumors and leukemia [33 (link)]; and RET05, a protocol for the study and treatment of patients with intraocular retinoblastoma [34 (link)]. All protocols were institutional research board approved and HIPAA compliant, and all subjects or their guardians signed informed consent or assent for CEUS as appropriate. The results of the OPTUS study and the CEUS findings of a subset of ANGIO1 subjects have been previously published [30 (link), 33 (link)].

Coleman J.L., Navid F., Furman W.L, & McCarville M.B. (2014). Safety of Ultrasound Contrast Agents in the Pediatric Oncologic Population: A Single-Institution Experience. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 202(5), 966-970.

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Contrast Echocardiography Protocol for Cardiac Assessment

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A comprehensive echocardiogram or stress echocardiogram was performed on an iE33 ultrasound instrument (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) using a dynamic range of 50 decibels. Assessment of chamber size, diastolic function, and right ventricular function were performed according to ASE guidelines(3 (link), 8 (link), 19 (link)). Echocardiographic measurements were performed by two experienced echocardiographers (EB, KM).
Definity (Perflutren lipid microsphere, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Billerica, Massachusetts) and Optison (Perflutren Protein-Type A microspheres, GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) were used for UCA according to availability in our Echocardiography Laboratory. Prior to contrast injection, all patients received injection of agitated saline to exclude intra-cardiac or pulmonary artery shunt. UCA were suspended for administration according to manufacturer instructions and were administered through a peripheral intravenous catheter (IV) via manual bolus injection of 1- to 2-mL. Since the time for UC to travel from a peripheral vein to the heart is variable, the clip length was maximized to 30 seconds. The beginning of clip acquisition and UC administration were synchronized to begin simultaneously. The entry of contrast into the right-heart and subsequent appearance in the left-heart were recorded in the apical 4-chamber view (Video).

Brittain E.L., Doss L.N., Saliba L., Irani W., Byrd BF I.I.I, & Monahan K. (2015). Feasibility and Diagnostic Potential of Pulmonary Transit Time Measurement by Contrast Echocardiography: A Pilot Study. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.), 32(10), 1564-1571.

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Microbubble Manipulation via Acoustic Diffraction

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The microbubbles (Optison, GE health care) was diluted to 10% (v/v%) in 1% (w/w%) agarose gel in aqueous phase or 1X phosphate buffered saline (demonstration of flow stream monitoring) and perfused in an acrylic capillary tube (inner diameter: 50 μm, outer diameter: 100 μm, Paradigm Optics), which was positioned inside a clear polystyrene cuvette. Polyacrylamide gel (10%) was used to fill the space in the cuvette to secure the capillary tube. Two diffusers (10 × 10 mm, 220 grit ground glass, Edmund Optics) were placed outside the cuvette in parallel with ∼10 mm distance in between. The microbubble sheet was ∼20 μm thick and sandwiched between two blocks of agarose gel with dimensions of 10 mm (x) × 10 mm (y) × 3 mm (z). The microbubble sheet was positioned between and parallel to the diffusers. The ultrasound beam was aligned to the microbubble sheet by maximizing the amplitude of the echo received from the focus.
In the flow stream monitoring experiment, fluorescent microspheres with 4 μm diameter (FluoSpheres 580/605, Life Science) were used as targets. In the ex vivo tissue experiment, fresh chicken breast tissue was used as diffusive medium. For each tissue diffuser, a piece of 2-mm-thick chicken breast tissue slice (10 mm (x) × 10 mm (y)) was sandwiched between two pieces of cover glass separated by a 2-mm spacer.

Ruan H., Jang M, & Yang C. (2015). Optical focusing inside scattering media with time-reversed ultrasound microbubble encoded light. Nature Communications, 6, 8968.

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Albumin Microbubble Preparation

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The albumin MBs used in this study are similar to Optison (GE Healthcare). MBs were produced by sonicating (20 KHz, 30 s) a 1% solution of serum albumin in normal saline with an ultrasound disintegrator (XL2020, Misonix, Farmingdale, NY) equipped with an extended ½” titanium probe. The headspace in the flask containing the solution was filled with octafluoropropane gas. MBs were sized and counted using a Coulter Counter (Multisizer 3, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA) with an orifice size of 50 μm and a lower measurement limit of 1 μm.

Nance E., Timbie K., Miller G.W., Song J., Louttit C., Klibanov A.L., Shih T.Y., Swaminathan G., Tamargo R.J., Woodworth G.F., Hanes J, & Price R.J. (2014). Noninvasive delivery of stealth, brain-penetrating nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier using MRI-guided focused ultrasound. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 189, 123-132.

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Contrast Agent Evaluation Protocol

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Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, Billerica, MA, USA) and Optison (GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ, USA) used throughout this study were purchased from the Hospital Pharmacy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Fix S.M., Nyankima A.G., McSweeney M.D., Tsuruta J.K., Lai S.K, & Dayton P.A. (2018). Accelerated clearance of ultrasound contrast agents containing polyethylene glycol is associated with the generation of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies. Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 44(6), 1266-1280.

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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Limb Perfusion

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CEU limb perfusion imaging protocols were performed on two separate days separated by <14 days using Sonazoid (GE Healthcare) on one day and either Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging) or Optison (GE Healthcare) (n=7 for each) on the other day. Subject vital signs and oxygen saturation were continuously measured during the protocol. Twelve subjects returned within 6 weeks to evaluate test-retest variability of both rest and stress CEU perfusion assessment with Sonazoid.

Davidson B.P., Hodovan J., Belcik J.T., Moccetti F., Xie A., Ammi A.Y, & Lindner J.R. (2017). REST-STRESS LIMB PERFUSION IMAGING IN HUMANS WITH CONTRAST ULTRASOUND USING INTERMEDIATE-POWER IMAGING AND MICROBUBBLES RESISTANT TO INERTIAL CAVITATION. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 30(5), 503-510.e1.

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