Glycidyl methacrylate gma

ITO-coated glass (1.25 cm × 1.25 cm, sheet resistance = Ω/sq, thickness = 1800 Å, transmittance ≥ 82%) was purchased from Delta Technologies (Stillwater, MN, USA). Corning^® Costar^® Ultra-Low attachment multiwell plates were purchased from Corning^® (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Heparin sodium salt (12 kDa, from porcine intestinal mucosa) was purchased from Cellsus Ins. (Cincinnati, OH, USA). Poly(L-lysine) (PLL, 15 kDa), acridine orange (AO), propidium iodide (PI), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hyaluronic acid (HA, 132 kDa) was obtained from Lifecore Biomedical (Chaska, MN, USA). Chitosan (Chi, water-soluble chitooligosaccharide, 5 kDa, degree of deacetylation = 85%) was purchased from Kittolife Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA, 6 kDa, degree of substitution = 98%) and poly(ethylene glycol) sulfhydryl (PEG-SH, 10 kDa) were obtained from SunBio Inc. (Anyang, Republic of Korea). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY, USA).

In 1 mL of sterilized distilled water, 0.1 g of each dialysis of modified Silk-GMA samples was dissolved, and then mixed with the same volume of ethyl acetate (EtOAc, CH₃COOC₂H₅, purity ≥ 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louise, MO, USA). Subsequently, each mixture of the Silk-GMA solution and EtOAc was filtered through a syringe filter with the hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFE, 0.45 µm, Millipore-Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). The filtered extracts were used for gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric acquisition. As a standard, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louise, MO, USA) was used with the original solution and denatured GMA with a high temperature of 60 °C. For the denaturation, 100 µL of GMA was kept at 60 °C for 6 h for the same conditions of reaction with silk fibroin and glycidyl methacrylate. After the reaction, the denatured GMA was kept in the refrigerator for the acquisition of gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry (Figure 1B).

Raw silk cocoons from the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori were acquired from the Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture Center in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Mw 13,000–23,000, 87–89% hydrolyzed), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, 97%), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, 99%), and lithium phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate (LAP) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MI, USA). Anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and absolute anhydrous ethanol (EtOH) were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagenti (Rodano, Milan, Italy), and anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was sourced from ANaPURE (Auckland, New Zealand). Calcium nitrate 4-hydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂) was purchased from Kemaus. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone were procured from RCI Labscan Limited. Deuterium oxide (D₂O, 99.9%) and dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆ (DMSO-d₆, 99.9%) were sourced from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. SnakeSkin dialysis tubing (molecular weight cut-off, 10 kDa) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).

Graphene nanoplatelets (5 μm wide, average 5 nm thickness, bulk density of 0.03–0.1 g/cc, carbon content > 99.5 wt%, oxygen content < 1%, and residual acid content < 0.5 wt%) (G) (Emfutur Technologies Ltd., Castello, Spain) were used as received. Nitric acid (68%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sulfuric acid (95–98%, Sigma-Aldrich), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, Sigma-Aldrich), N,N’-dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma-Aldrich), lauryl peroxide (LP, Sigma-Aldrich), acetone (Sigma-Aldrich), methanol (Sigma-Aldrich), hexamethylene diamine (HMDA, Sigma-Aldrich), and acrylamide (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. Methyl methacrylate (MMA, Sigma-Aldrich) was purified through vacuum distillation. Hexyl methacrylate (HexylMA, Sigma-Aldrich) was purified by passing through an alumina column. Benzoyl peroxide (BP, Sigma-Aldrich) was recrystallized by dissolution in CHCl₃ and precipitation in methanol.